tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60562105073897093352024-03-18T13:17:04.094-07:00Mannie Gentile: Combat Helmets of the 20th CenturyAn informal, sometimes satiric, exploration of the steel combat helmet and its role in identifying, inspiring, and protecting the G.I.s of various nations over the past 100 years. The book I thought I'd like to write but with a longer shelf-life, no editors, publishers, or art directors; just me and you.
copyright 2015, Mannie GentileMannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.comBlogger199125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-89179712076584462052024-03-18T13:16:00.000-07:002024-03-18T13:16:03.660-07:00A cool helmet video<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> Here's some wartime production footage of the McCord Radiator company producing M1 helmets and liners.</span></p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=PDaGE0Y2BuQ&fbclid=IwAR1Iwa0tzei3dvkmIhN3U0f0weKVaaMoXfHFt2AeNSKbdODVCQYolObsELE">https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=PDaGE0Y2BuQ&fbclid=IwAR1Iwa0tzei3dvkmIhN3U0f0weKVaaMoXfHFt2AeNSKbdODVCQYolObsELE</a></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-69683899240555033682024-03-04T06:04:00.000-08:002024-03-06T11:03:17.828-08:00United States M1 interwar combat helmet<div class="separator"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">I returned to work following a two-week bout with covid, and was be greeted by a coworker with a welcome-back gift - this handsome M1 which belonged to his childhood neighbor.</span></div><div class="separator"><br /></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRyAjaFIkA8O56xHYigbDlENFyKzBJKdrmNnTkd8PRn-v2Vp2vemoxDBb6MP_7lFl90i1kKLXacDSz0q9vKmWF56GwkNk0hFBbvQrN1TUy2enR_nEtvaFXchVbk77UxE-yi67K0fvXYD22GyIIp0F3Egz-d9VdDJtiWsBS6Gs5_GSy2guMhzgh3-wp0AY/s1472/0%20-%20Copy.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="828" data-original-width="1472" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRyAjaFIkA8O56xHYigbDlENFyKzBJKdrmNnTkd8PRn-v2Vp2vemoxDBb6MP_7lFl90i1kKLXacDSz0q9vKmWF56GwkNk0hFBbvQrN1TUy2enR_nEtvaFXchVbk77UxE-yi67K0fvXYD22GyIIp0F3Egz-d9VdDJtiWsBS6Gs5_GSy2guMhzgh3-wp0AY/w597-h360/0%20-%20Copy.jpg" width="597" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">With a few notable exceptions (Lebannon and the earliest glimmers of Vietnam) the army of the mid to late-1950s was often called a "peacetime army". The hot war of Korea was a memory and Vietnam lay ahead. The public consciousness of the US Army was provided, in a large part, by popular entertainment. Elvis was being utilized as the poster-boy of the Army, Phil Silvers captured audiences as Sargeant Bilko, and even Barney Fife was seen wearing an M1 liner.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKuQPaAuX8N5Ey79gc8EUgNE4yPgrVLhc4mAA6iy-6q3ZmrsWK0tZP0mVedbeW96Q1AklgDj4u_9mHAPxnjq2jW4beWPidcXR0L7MB-ILD7YW4ooHXlqNMlwfOc3nr3JMx_C_tgcp9PWIdQ67NuKcEWuWKzIinsLiTiPA1rj0taqxYpshcVf7pAVfUTwA/s817/barney.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="744" data-original-width="817" height="291" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKuQPaAuX8N5Ey79gc8EUgNE4yPgrVLhc4mAA6iy-6q3ZmrsWK0tZP0mVedbeW96Q1AklgDj4u_9mHAPxnjq2jW4beWPidcXR0L7MB-ILD7YW4ooHXlqNMlwfOc3nr3JMx_C_tgcp9PWIdQ67NuKcEWuWKzIinsLiTiPA1rj0taqxYpshcVf7pAVfUTwA/s320/barney.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Barney Fife</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii-ScY8ymTPljabcHO6_lKedkUNfqf8LUXUm59WNnOR7AgEwlLygmonHCusUf1E8_9EsgiyXYxPjz8rvyLySMCEW_l7ruGI1DrDlPVX67FU2_LLDoB1phYyli1DyKlH-NLKgB0exGLQ6v1Srjf_Q33z63Koa9BkDee9uhkyXwlUaSAlvT-TxykWqGdvRo/s1200/elvis%20army%207.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="947" data-original-width="1200" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii-ScY8ymTPljabcHO6_lKedkUNfqf8LUXUm59WNnOR7AgEwlLygmonHCusUf1E8_9EsgiyXYxPjz8rvyLySMCEW_l7ruGI1DrDlPVX67FU2_LLDoB1phYyli1DyKlH-NLKgB0exGLQ6v1Srjf_Q33z63Koa9BkDee9uhkyXwlUaSAlvT-TxykWqGdvRo/s320/elvis%20army%207.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Elvis</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQQYUrt40FcaN9_r9vCjuXM3nLUEKx3AjS2xkvDmqdL0Ap-9N1figmKN_2DjXn2X_aNq5yaXYj22eT_DI4LDKiUN9YvNCr9JdBEUNQu4GgLkRCkm9Ez_hCoHXtNbP5LuLiFeMazdN2qt02HDkTUg-_bVmNBEGFPLBdvk2kUr1IJp-eLovoaKDvGlyBA6I/s799/Screenshot%20(420).png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="649" data-original-width="799" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQQYUrt40FcaN9_r9vCjuXM3nLUEKx3AjS2xkvDmqdL0Ap-9N1figmKN_2DjXn2X_aNq5yaXYj22eT_DI4LDKiUN9YvNCr9JdBEUNQu4GgLkRCkm9Ez_hCoHXtNbP5LuLiFeMazdN2qt02HDkTUg-_bVmNBEGFPLBdvk2kUr1IJp-eLovoaKDvGlyBA6I/s320/Screenshot%20(420).png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Sergeant Bilko</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">From 1951 to 1958 many changes and modifications to the venerable M1 took place. in 1951 production was resumed on the helmet shell as well as modifications to the liner. Certainly much, if not most of the helmets of that period were from WWII, including much mixing and matching of older liners with newer helmets, and older helmets with newer liners. It was a period of great transition that even saw the retirement of the venerable M1 Garand rifle.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">This new generation of headgear was seen on maneuvers, and at places like Checkpoint Charlie in Berlin and the Demilitarized Zone between the two Koreas.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Let's take a walk-around.</span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi50XDLy1E4TcS1RMWH2_Q8CqxFnQy64BKXt-d9bFY5CTeRdVOiusHSKmumUEwpMmvO_vQ6XbHuZcBNgkiG18baIp9X0GGWFUJf7e10mwrtPzWPv9H9sCla73ZMpsSITgXOBHQR-2iZNonOY_6PQu9jlp4JYZ7mzsqoSgHlK0YBTCDn9ZRd2l8wjQ2dLbk/s604/16.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="604" data-original-width="485" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi50XDLy1E4TcS1RMWH2_Q8CqxFnQy64BKXt-d9bFY5CTeRdVOiusHSKmumUEwpMmvO_vQ6XbHuZcBNgkiG18baIp9X0GGWFUJf7e10mwrtPzWPv9H9sCla73ZMpsSITgXOBHQR-2iZNonOY_6PQu9jlp4JYZ7mzsqoSgHlK0YBTCDn9ZRd2l8wjQ2dLbk/w321-h400/16.jpg" width="321" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">All familiar ground here, but our closer look will reveal several upgrades and improvements</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo5mSDywM33x39Kz6Zcxhzg7rt4T1nDlG48I4H1HoMYdW1zGWBe5DVjVZN6EjiLkIhrkrxlJO96sWRuKKbbxw2Uh7yZpjlzmS6SxsHAJgdEekt3n5OYSjaXOwgq-p-p9k-y1aXlDfKZsFyaFWC66Ruvp7OJB7v0faEZOF5h4Ht3nXWfWW-gASdT4AI5ZI/s627/20.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="627" data-original-width="528" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo5mSDywM33x39Kz6Zcxhzg7rt4T1nDlG48I4H1HoMYdW1zGWBe5DVjVZN6EjiLkIhrkrxlJO96sWRuKKbbxw2Uh7yZpjlzmS6SxsHAJgdEekt3n5OYSjaXOwgq-p-p9k-y1aXlDfKZsFyaFWC66Ruvp7OJB7v0faEZOF5h4Ht3nXWfWW-gASdT4AI5ZI/w336-h400/20.jpg" width="336" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">As with its WWII progenitor, the shell was made of Hadefield steel and it still retained the leather chinstrap for the liner.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkxpWt9zTGstwWFm2Q-i9oRLz5rnkOagt0PZ5WWnugQAgXF-8e3VwXBgyytmTSeIZbQNnF9n-3TgKR2CkM_hyNY3V93nzYtH2WifMCp7XjzlN_jsGQTgp2wJnFFOtHaRDwqcYU0dm5P3iOtcIlW2P7h2kJzHB9iMC4fJDxxSjKaZQxxqrfyuCmiiGMM_8/s641/17.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="641" data-original-width="563" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkxpWt9zTGstwWFm2Q-i9oRLz5rnkOagt0PZ5WWnugQAgXF-8e3VwXBgyytmTSeIZbQNnF9n-3TgKR2CkM_hyNY3V93nzYtH2WifMCp7XjzlN_jsGQTgp2wJnFFOtHaRDwqcYU0dm5P3iOtcIlW2P7h2kJzHB9iMC4fJDxxSjKaZQxxqrfyuCmiiGMM_8/w351-h400/17.jpg" width="351" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKbTeYIcMuqzhdR-EApZc88dnX2l4_XX0RFmCxvhOAdTVDz8YklYME7-wqnNHEKbJF0wqiahOkmGYMdZ_9m-7iLS4ijDKMQ2IRgEkI5ghyphenhypheng5TwINkW2yuPAGu7zLZFdyqQ3A77A_N4wTRkH2hVN_12kYaALOvSUKiyVmrDm6p33Z808cqieLm6wHE08IM/s547/22.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="547" data-original-width="507" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKbTeYIcMuqzhdR-EApZc88dnX2l4_XX0RFmCxvhOAdTVDz8YklYME7-wqnNHEKbJF0wqiahOkmGYMdZ_9m-7iLS4ijDKMQ2IRgEkI5ghyphenhypheng5TwINkW2yuPAGu7zLZFdyqQ3A77A_N4wTRkH2hVN_12kYaALOvSUKiyVmrDm6p33Z808cqieLm6wHE08IM/w371-h400/22.jpg" width="371" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtC46y1cbjlrYVrXcI5Pcas8xOFgVAEUzmnQA03wdbIl7-DXIwu2cBRiZacg-pDTXpbPSecQbdA1XsgUxjQHiOMDxXDKqmskuQiPdsEDm5LIr7e9Zx2yMRDN0fRMHrU2RnUqGaSWKyVlh6YbHm6f0G00oA5j5oWHHMnyWDA0ox2n9YrJahs6M5jEJV2Wg/s638/24.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="638" data-original-width="614" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtC46y1cbjlrYVrXcI5Pcas8xOFgVAEUzmnQA03wdbIl7-DXIwu2cBRiZacg-pDTXpbPSecQbdA1XsgUxjQHiOMDxXDKqmskuQiPdsEDm5LIr7e9Zx2yMRDN0fRMHrU2RnUqGaSWKyVlh6YbHm6f0G00oA5j5oWHHMnyWDA0ox2n9YrJahs6M5jEJV2Wg/w385-h400/24.jpg" width="385" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The rear-seam of the post WWII shell is visible here; do note though, that some numbers of rear-seams did see service during the war.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-N1idJ3hwoFtrabx8s_poDLsVP65IUuIWaVyPpVPFWK8SKw_IAY1XEmgkHL_ANzkHXbxGHoDelAq4j1_r_YLCkWWLok9o3u1fW7qXJKTnizzAK4ktO7TqUkGzo304QMNtEyYVwALbbXLcblk5NWtGN2KKMlJFdiTiyJaAsbVsaamUCWgJtaL3h9wM_mA/s582/25.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="582" data-original-width="549" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-N1idJ3hwoFtrabx8s_poDLsVP65IUuIWaVyPpVPFWK8SKw_IAY1XEmgkHL_ANzkHXbxGHoDelAq4j1_r_YLCkWWLok9o3u1fW7qXJKTnizzAK4ktO7TqUkGzo304QMNtEyYVwALbbXLcblk5NWtGN2KKMlJFdiTiyJaAsbVsaamUCWgJtaL3h9wM_mA/w378-h400/25.jpg" width="378" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfxPZLlBn0vHgES5-r2mpDB4G3B4MVVHbqnS1lig_aOx7iRmA8xT6sr1MYQHpAbejAjvaAVXW3-DjKbooKtL5Muab8XIFxngbxneuvLytgQ4fJIzjYWcuIKCV6ZmUNun6YrXyfZhIX0VMd6mIV1C6tHRqHao5gAHUfxRlI87vdEXu75rHCk3dvbxB1GJM/s689/21.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="689" data-original-width="614" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfxPZLlBn0vHgES5-r2mpDB4G3B4MVVHbqnS1lig_aOx7iRmA8xT6sr1MYQHpAbejAjvaAVXW3-DjKbooKtL5Muab8XIFxngbxneuvLytgQ4fJIzjYWcuIKCV6ZmUNun6YrXyfZhIX0VMd6mIV1C6tHRqHao5gAHUfxRlI87vdEXu75rHCk3dvbxB1GJM/w356-h400/21.jpg" width="356" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">A big improvement was the T1 chinstrap. Unlike the sewn-on straps of the WWII version, the T1 could be easily replaced in the field.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjpf4fyzeFDAJ2_tz293ISG-SWy4ON0KkYZzXxdt5BsBXIiR9PZMXu-TIi4UqIRuLQb_JlS91nXkm2yYRpqvRmU_52vnfttRJ2LMmMworMt5PNgPsi55OeLIRut30zg-5qqOEekvSas7ZAdnEVYLvvjPBz1cKNSoHUgZkLuvo2ca_qZHPDfVW85jLQvSo/s747/23.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="747" data-original-width="614" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjpf4fyzeFDAJ2_tz293ISG-SWy4ON0KkYZzXxdt5BsBXIiR9PZMXu-TIi4UqIRuLQb_JlS91nXkm2yYRpqvRmU_52vnfttRJ2LMmMworMt5PNgPsi55OeLIRut30zg-5qqOEekvSas7ZAdnEVYLvvjPBz1cKNSoHUgZkLuvo2ca_qZHPDfVW85jLQvSo/w329-h400/23.jpg" width="329" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSg4vvyN4U3v90Ig2Mubbx_skRrSY2DOopbwJ-oLwrEtF3tvZ_ghaiz7ZgZOykcp22RkEo3xImT8qRkObRF3VqZid5Pn2wdAiTDFpZITTwWUylpCHROJ9RsTU4PZqX2JZ5qFuKYtPkAdEliqejE9neZOMoS8TqRJLLlTHRQj8NPPe6ffsIi0ybg8fAiZU/s819/30.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="684" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSg4vvyN4U3v90Ig2Mubbx_skRrSY2DOopbwJ-oLwrEtF3tvZ_ghaiz7ZgZOykcp22RkEo3xImT8qRkObRF3VqZid5Pn2wdAiTDFpZITTwWUylpCHROJ9RsTU4PZqX2JZ5qFuKYtPkAdEliqejE9neZOMoS8TqRJLLlTHRQj8NPPe6ffsIi0ybg8fAiZU/w334-h400/30.jpg" width="334" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Here's a mix of old and new. The lighter #3 Olive drab suspension indicates that the liner is from WWII while the darker #7 green headband and neckband indicate that this liner was modified in the 1950s.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglJLP4rHaG99Aff8SnC_mdwP_jIiGNF6ayGTkis4fabitf_wgejfSe50sF2azzCFf8IACG8-Hccewg543U-QgrKm7HY6XvPnPbap2Ui3nal579RGpN8bteUPYOyABYk4RRh_VHAt1XqL-Ko1tHGo-UrYJYrhn6DE-oU02B5IxwGfnfIephkwbAMTUzUb4/s574/31.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="574" data-original-width="564" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglJLP4rHaG99Aff8SnC_mdwP_jIiGNF6ayGTkis4fabitf_wgejfSe50sF2azzCFf8IACG8-Hccewg543U-QgrKm7HY6XvPnPbap2Ui3nal579RGpN8bteUPYOyABYk4RRh_VHAt1XqL-Ko1tHGo-UrYJYrhn6DE-oU02B5IxwGfnfIephkwbAMTUzUb4/w393-h400/31.jpg" width="393" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj34NHuHwSMry55HpiP1Xz5fQQbhsz7zxk8KBxHAJzg3IPaU1LIIIGOB-YR6cXasNEBj_PAQXFRqlgDfrXaao-AAWB95DxrftAHrEPuAkzgiy6gxLKNAWAsZyaGG2ra-0dRziCfPFAX-o-xFs2nLoZtAyVCaMvsq5yLg1S5hWcZHiKwyaS05PeaBaRbnmY/s1236/7.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="1236" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj34NHuHwSMry55HpiP1Xz5fQQbhsz7zxk8KBxHAJzg3IPaU1LIIIGOB-YR6cXasNEBj_PAQXFRqlgDfrXaao-AAWB95DxrftAHrEPuAkzgiy6gxLKNAWAsZyaGG2ra-0dRziCfPFAX-o-xFs2nLoZtAyVCaMvsq5yLg1S5hWcZHiKwyaS05PeaBaRbnmY/w400-h265/7.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The neckband is dated 1956.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw8o4PpBeCROIusIvMGpqLOa0O1JGLWdxXQ5GVw8mRs7pfVwymtoX7HjhLj000F_mvb1x1a4_pLXemsuvR7ohsTQgtdzwFqAyAWbqPPm2OtMGO9nBKJdNaZm0mpqgxNV_dCI40NB7vNfQT9JXukDiH3eoOMSnLqJMPnr2GdKOi90B0pFb5ImOFst_K_Bk/s1187/9.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="1187" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiw8o4PpBeCROIusIvMGpqLOa0O1JGLWdxXQ5GVw8mRs7pfVwymtoX7HjhLj000F_mvb1x1a4_pLXemsuvR7ohsTQgtdzwFqAyAWbqPPm2OtMGO9nBKJdNaZm0mpqgxNV_dCI40NB7vNfQT9JXukDiH3eoOMSnLqJMPnr2GdKOi90B0pFb5ImOFst_K_Bk/w400-h276/9.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The headband is dated 1958 (lower right).</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeI0gDFsyo_DvzX7WeVn04l7Ioe9KaJ4bDpw4LTNdLpsibZEQCMcbMbEWSOKSqdEBoFB4WKZjnZBjsyj19bvRiDQ0BqgdqEY9MgEf-0I3CH6ychzmRQwVaguCSeLlWkto2iSiJBqGt7AIqh1w_RcAtQ27mNNKTouNdbJVbzTH_gz4WAQaxm_QZAcEx7wg/s958/8.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="958" height="343" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeI0gDFsyo_DvzX7WeVn04l7Ioe9KaJ4bDpw4LTNdLpsibZEQCMcbMbEWSOKSqdEBoFB4WKZjnZBjsyj19bvRiDQ0BqgdqEY9MgEf-0I3CH6ychzmRQwVaguCSeLlWkto2iSiJBqGt7AIqh1w_RcAtQ27mNNKTouNdbJVbzTH_gz4WAQaxm_QZAcEx7wg/w400-h343/8.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvsfHvR8p3IllgR6xcA4FmjTCfEHwwqeVYDJXLLM58kWUc67GjBP5VxaSN7_pgO8LoBNgtCT5q7PpOBEnbgwT17QDwp4-Dlk3DGmdIHTzsUqEMetClqiub_pDpN4U4i9FnmUXmCjDfzcF3mT-uf8TbF49MGf6ZKnzw2gfsoHKmQws4KTc-qioCnr2x2Nc/s1092/11.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="1092" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvsfHvR8p3IllgR6xcA4FmjTCfEHwwqeVYDJXLLM58kWUc67GjBP5VxaSN7_pgO8LoBNgtCT5q7PpOBEnbgwT17QDwp4-Dlk3DGmdIHTzsUqEMetClqiub_pDpN4U4i9FnmUXmCjDfzcF3mT-uf8TbF49MGf6ZKnzw2gfsoHKmQws4KTc-qioCnr2x2Nc/w400-h300/11.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Here's a nice contrast between the color as well as the weave of the suspension components.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVkwJB0K4mng_ginJvkuOKa4o0bE1lzFKxN57uOXeRVVV6ICakGlvzdILVfvdDE_-DXhBxZ-ICmSe005ck6_tvOD26TMRUiUC1ZVA4IvszDIFdsyGJtNJZgghsOoruoJ62afe2bdAj88cvElJ125EVvSQDdfROGIhT9u1KrxIifgaRZDX1SxI1yF0OtCw/s1092/12.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="1092" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVkwJB0K4mng_ginJvkuOKa4o0bE1lzFKxN57uOXeRVVV6ICakGlvzdILVfvdDE_-DXhBxZ-ICmSe005ck6_tvOD26TMRUiUC1ZVA4IvszDIFdsyGJtNJZgghsOoruoJ62afe2bdAj88cvElJ125EVvSQDdfROGIhT9u1KrxIifgaRZDX1SxI1yF0OtCw/w400-h300/12.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The distinctive double herring-bone weave of the #3 OD webbing from WWII.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifEOarKgJ7CfSyg4jyZIPWM33ME4Y-xxxoIpdLC1XKc_4oH5LnH9B_Ykzv2MFYyp74avEr-A3tE6xaEF0xvi8VKz9Vtlh3LEmy6gVXqmuEj0ZKahiHAZ131azuRQHwbS_UCP1tItEgb_wp4jhYDhL-7YoyBKrERhveTXbimp8_Wf4nkJD4AuBVYhi4p1w/s819/13.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="614" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifEOarKgJ7CfSyg4jyZIPWM33ME4Y-xxxoIpdLC1XKc_4oH5LnH9B_Ykzv2MFYyp74avEr-A3tE6xaEF0xvi8VKz9Vtlh3LEmy6gVXqmuEj0ZKahiHAZ131azuRQHwbS_UCP1tItEgb_wp4jhYDhL-7YoyBKrERhveTXbimp8_Wf4nkJD4AuBVYhi4p1w/w300-h400/13.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The hardware of the T1 chinstrap affixed to the swivel-bail.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg39ZiyIwTkNhXqvc7EwvNK3zcVh2dxpu4TaY9T5_Ham7fdB_Unj75dlJ6mvJPb6vuvH-m2QiNNtCVo0_Dv4ZIHWz7wB8WZ3zE5CAIEHR5P3OHqKEp9bMx8Wed6AzLk31jcL5Qj_-DO2ufBLUrMx9xmSKGE6Qm-C4Si8XyQ7OaBzObKNPvrMGBZSXqMZdM/s1092/14.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="1092" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg39ZiyIwTkNhXqvc7EwvNK3zcVh2dxpu4TaY9T5_Ham7fdB_Unj75dlJ6mvJPb6vuvH-m2QiNNtCVo0_Dv4ZIHWz7wB8WZ3zE5CAIEHR5P3OHqKEp9bMx8Wed6AzLk31jcL5Qj_-DO2ufBLUrMx9xmSKGE6Qm-C4Si8XyQ7OaBzObKNPvrMGBZSXqMZdM/w400-h300/14.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM_h4oHU81EcHm0vHpYcEvPuy__Vnc17oBTHlkDHWz09fprFmkjRSn4Cl2XWEsLAFK5MavTvL2WNsRjM38bUSQC87QVZXb74rlmmFh6WdLfh3Rzzkjz7SJgJqvguSlPVBxE0uBTLOotaC_fnVGjJqrV2lC8zTHTtsRwqzZYC6KVuNuClCERjRmYLVF7XQ/s1092/15.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="1092" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM_h4oHU81EcHm0vHpYcEvPuy__Vnc17oBTHlkDHWz09fprFmkjRSn4Cl2XWEsLAFK5MavTvL2WNsRjM38bUSQC87QVZXb74rlmmFh6WdLfh3Rzzkjz7SJgJqvguSlPVBxE0uBTLOotaC_fnVGjJqrV2lC8zTHTtsRwqzZYC6KVuNuClCERjRmYLVF7XQ/w400-h300/15.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The spring-clips that retain the headband are unchanged from WWII. It is interesting to note that this design of clip was used in the helmets of many other countries throughout the post-war era and even into the 21st century.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYMbGUSnAOHj19JevR3idaVMuI2fW1w9A3omDO_JD_FloaEz55f4KiAbRyXaTYg8D9dP9CWj5809X6sVVA13ZgZRheunHjm1PWZXhhKB-igF0IEnswtHJUuMuOJwRneejtZ9KxU22Ahz9Z-Kdv-ajhpCqOgXZPHk4SZLQVou7c9aCDTSDwgvJZ7Jx3IrI/s819/19.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="614" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYMbGUSnAOHj19JevR3idaVMuI2fW1w9A3omDO_JD_FloaEz55f4KiAbRyXaTYg8D9dP9CWj5809X6sVVA13ZgZRheunHjm1PWZXhhKB-igF0IEnswtHJUuMuOJwRneejtZ9KxU22Ahz9Z-Kdv-ajhpCqOgXZPHk4SZLQVou7c9aCDTSDwgvJZ7Jx3IrI/w300-h400/19.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The helmet belonged to Irving Eisenstadt of Astoria, Queens (New York), and it appears that he began printing his name on the suspension...one can only imagine what had interrupted his efforts in this direction.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuVXVIcnj2dc2I5VPQ-vsmTcBKxu_QNugosSgtwtEI_0WkEVBlaGqPfVU-l234-Fs5WjS5AV89WOc0clsbm31rZDD2_8q57PGgIxWuINx5oipkGsaAkIpkbUD5L5CAO8R5n8Pe7XoYKs3HmN3cE54Q70MNlk021pI-83iBaYzVqwe8uKpSAbv1zGcxE00/s937/26.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="937" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuVXVIcnj2dc2I5VPQ-vsmTcBKxu_QNugosSgtwtEI_0WkEVBlaGqPfVU-l234-Fs5WjS5AV89WOc0clsbm31rZDD2_8q57PGgIxWuINx5oipkGsaAkIpkbUD5L5CAO8R5n8Pe7XoYKs3HmN3cE54Q70MNlk021pI-83iBaYzVqwe8uKpSAbv1zGcxE00/w400-h350/26.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Generally, during WWII, the hardware on the helmet and liner was brass finished in green. Following the war the fittings were finished in black. United Carr Company of Cambridge MA produced the hollow rivet on the liner chinstrap. </span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuSHugsVGlMDNjbxsVKjGDuAUGagZJxeB_cZ2NP2Zj9pexERSxx-xz9B05zR9EgDLvPxJN-YIDHCkRNdVjpK_S3XwBPkvznGyLst9sjjxGXvQ6VvriMclSOgEyXHEInX9zs2yV9-uePOi0YQ43zLuXJ9af6nDMTxQc0fQepwEi9A3BFfTZTBIR2yimXzo/s1092/27.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="1092" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuSHugsVGlMDNjbxsVKjGDuAUGagZJxeB_cZ2NP2Zj9pexERSxx-xz9B05zR9EgDLvPxJN-YIDHCkRNdVjpK_S3XwBPkvznGyLst9sjjxGXvQ6VvriMclSOgEyXHEInX9zs2yV9-uePOi0YQ43zLuXJ9af6nDMTxQc0fQepwEi9A3BFfTZTBIR2yimXzo/w400-h300/27.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The WWII iteration of the M1 was textured with cork; beginning in 1951 the M1 was produced with fine sand as the non-reflective texture.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrCViokOfgOLdSDzxZh8BhaF-CtLIqiWV8JsyXXNBv-rvI17dCVVvqr4W_qt_ddSyXCCLNnSQ9v6XAxK3-uzy8zJTGLldyWiyle1YIrMudp_aQW70YB3DbNEGA5flRZ-sthIoxxXPq4YRkXVX0-6f51tsx9gNsF1FN1AX0U44CSysenUjrPw4RLPXAWx0/s437/28.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="437" height="366" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrCViokOfgOLdSDzxZh8BhaF-CtLIqiWV8JsyXXNBv-rvI17dCVVvqr4W_qt_ddSyXCCLNnSQ9v6XAxK3-uzy8zJTGLldyWiyle1YIrMudp_aQW70YB3DbNEGA5flRZ-sthIoxxXPq4YRkXVX0-6f51tsx9gNsF1FN1AX0U44CSysenUjrPw4RLPXAWx0/w400-h366/28.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The cam buckle, green in WWII, is blackened brass after 1951 production began.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhACS-ZpZXhJTvLyeaDwvi5HX0jtv0jbAKN0WQGlBPNTcEjZnsG2kAKTerX3eVGobwx-f6fBi8RQUq5yZef9OdQSLmhkYKfB3h8kEZXEMjtOjAF3bnijQezp-w4ylalktq32KV82mdswofmNUnPoEUP_kSR3gXkVHXvRgGi6IeI8-FAg7_QDjWSfu7jO-g/s819/29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="819" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhACS-ZpZXhJTvLyeaDwvi5HX0jtv0jbAKN0WQGlBPNTcEjZnsG2kAKTerX3eVGobwx-f6fBi8RQUq5yZef9OdQSLmhkYKfB3h8kEZXEMjtOjAF3bnijQezp-w4ylalktq32KV82mdswofmNUnPoEUP_kSR3gXkVHXvRgGi6IeI8-FAg7_QDjWSfu7jO-g/w400-h400/29.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEqSXpbRSMwfigv8Jesuom5IlWvDFPecM_sfVgM2So-NIuqNgGu-SB7QDvkwPJ3BtZ-1IUlSuMAUb3EDNbGiX8HBGP9nsrIgeE3oi7rx4SBP6X7FhpWu79a_O8t7flsRiiQrF6FJHVhMoOhnAqNtvLhTcACKdGzznyL0NTwlOYI2ZdP9OhM9RIN9e01Dw/s819/32.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="614" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEqSXpbRSMwfigv8Jesuom5IlWvDFPecM_sfVgM2So-NIuqNgGu-SB7QDvkwPJ3BtZ-1IUlSuMAUb3EDNbGiX8HBGP9nsrIgeE3oi7rx4SBP6X7FhpWu79a_O8t7flsRiiQrF6FJHVhMoOhnAqNtvLhTcACKdGzznyL0NTwlOYI2ZdP9OhM9RIN9e01Dw/w300-h400/32.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The garter-clip fastening system is the same as the WWII version.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRn2QbVGnJKkp4wQzsm2fERFPJG4DpidSledasJNjF4MeWy-n8YaIifCEI5sQZO3pF2HhODUxk5ef_MqqOS7aFb6uq5H-htUykGOs1lvxrHFTZxkh9rSDcylZXBmpIOZeXo_XrKKfiuW3NJaI7zIsCmDnGK6OPHp38HEI30O1IJLkgbEmyPNUa3ZBpoOk/s824/36.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="824" data-original-width="618" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRn2QbVGnJKkp4wQzsm2fERFPJG4DpidSledasJNjF4MeWy-n8YaIifCEI5sQZO3pF2HhODUxk5ef_MqqOS7aFb6uq5H-htUykGOs1lvxrHFTZxkh9rSDcylZXBmpIOZeXo_XrKKfiuW3NJaI7zIsCmDnGK6OPHp38HEI30O1IJLkgbEmyPNUa3ZBpoOk/w300-h400/36.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The chinstrap fastener is a ball-and-clevis quick-release. designed both for ease of use as well as protection from concussion-injuries caused by nearby explosions. With this improvement, it was hoped that GIs would be more likely to use the chinstrap...based upon period photos, they seldom did</span>. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The little anchor is a manufacture's-mark - North and Judd of New Britain CT. Often collectors misinterpret this mark as indication of naval service.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtEY2WGfA8l9CBqtUUfQGtGfZ1YnD0LMmCyBjT_ss9FB0p-tZbe8aYbuH7BvH29REv1brmP2hD3tBuvqKDuGAp3nSd4qnWLiiYzes1BUlmfw_VZRDUDaZMj_SB2t0WiAkl7_d5RPgej_uHyiX_8dNx7hfN3dpWD27i5bYsX0VTtezzqWWf_mA4il_zEH8/s824/37.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="824" data-original-width="618" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtEY2WGfA8l9CBqtUUfQGtGfZ1YnD0LMmCyBjT_ss9FB0p-tZbe8aYbuH7BvH29REv1brmP2hD3tBuvqKDuGAp3nSd4qnWLiiYzes1BUlmfw_VZRDUDaZMj_SB2t0WiAkl7_d5RPgej_uHyiX_8dNx7hfN3dpWD27i5bYsX0VTtezzqWWf_mA4il_zEH8/w300-h400/37.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The hook end of the chinstrap.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgFsniNe5IrmGRbw_6mgZmmbJeMGzSbtiVS4p6AQ6kH0kRQPk4bdDIJpnn7YqSMKqEGpoFZF4EIY9gCp2rJ6ohsd71956NkIdYuDjz2fa7b8rC97JTWspP0U_YFl1MWhKk0Kx_Kk8Tz_Uojbv8EkcD19AfE4B_fJjS5dgR7Fq0YvdOyeveAN9rfAjDfCI/s1099/39.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="824" data-original-width="1099" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgFsniNe5IrmGRbw_6mgZmmbJeMGzSbtiVS4p6AQ6kH0kRQPk4bdDIJpnn7YqSMKqEGpoFZF4EIY9gCp2rJ6ohsd71956NkIdYuDjz2fa7b8rC97JTWspP0U_YFl1MWhKk0Kx_Kk8Tz_Uojbv8EkcD19AfE4B_fJjS5dgR7Fq0YvdOyeveAN9rfAjDfCI/w400-h300/39.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Here are the two side fastened, with the ball inserted into the spring clevis.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Now, let us look at the liner.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF3FHy3cipN_97irhi7y0trbdvuwl6wHqe2Ech5A0hwBZlt7S28tlgGqlw_6HABdB2Kp_-8hoPLYOxgVgDrY1GfIpxJu73O_9jZ5huEHkdx1jzk4lHIC5a5ZtrOmitPLjEijkswK5Nmim7fBI1agM0ijBR4hFmTPbDDnPC-u0LHFWsLYQfpnuf_Lg1PQk/s818/0.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="818" data-original-width="614" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiF3FHy3cipN_97irhi7y0trbdvuwl6wHqe2Ech5A0hwBZlt7S28tlgGqlw_6HABdB2Kp_-8hoPLYOxgVgDrY1GfIpxJu73O_9jZ5huEHkdx1jzk4lHIC5a5ZtrOmitPLjEijkswK5Nmim7fBI1agM0ijBR4hFmTPbDDnPC-u0LHFWsLYQfpnuf_Lg1PQk/w300-h400/0.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The darker green is typical of a refurbished liner from WWII.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2kCtr2-WLFSt_sPhz8h9nQAYgfUfb5eWOIbhA6AfON46BsURRkx8JrT3WrrE8Qh51I4BJwmBWETC5n3Jx87Yx5Tf1iTLjHsAttpxzJWd0FwKl6eDWdKVo9EGDDnBXrv2bPqOkD4odUyFTyhlJhDD82kWfwvj3GBuS4p6wnIsk4vKKjUad4c-yNQHmaJE/s819/6.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="762" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2kCtr2-WLFSt_sPhz8h9nQAYgfUfb5eWOIbhA6AfON46BsURRkx8JrT3WrrE8Qh51I4BJwmBWETC5n3Jx87Yx5Tf1iTLjHsAttpxzJWd0FwKl6eDWdKVo9EGDDnBXrv2bPqOkD4odUyFTyhlJhDD82kWfwvj3GBuS4p6wnIsk4vKKjUad4c-yNQHmaJE/w373-h400/6.jpg" width="373" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Firestone was the manufacture of this particular liner.</span></div><div></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7ERE_ncjjOhLAfahWrd2GklIwbwAOPQYF7KsTLphaxfvP50Zv7ZAFr_CqbVbJhUnuP6SXxEMSugAQUSFFnIz3xNOY77AFMITiT45xwT6VPR1T2WGMJxkYHozx6FYsfXOi0MgtVtt3oq1eoXbY6JOMU0T2uXHiocUCgzLNfCFKr6z7JibE4Oli76Ur5_s/s818/2.jpg.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="818" data-original-width="614" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7ERE_ncjjOhLAfahWrd2GklIwbwAOPQYF7KsTLphaxfvP50Zv7ZAFr_CqbVbJhUnuP6SXxEMSugAQUSFFnIz3xNOY77AFMITiT45xwT6VPR1T2WGMJxkYHozx6FYsfXOi0MgtVtt3oq1eoXbY6JOMU0T2uXHiocUCgzLNfCFKr6z7JibE4Oli76Ur5_s/w300-h400/2.jpg.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTneVvE8JpdGv7EA_-GwNtwV9zhueLGSMUtduUoGNUAq14VT64suIFLq8PJVEpe4qr3Um_hNqznkoTrFIugFzvMljynTTBww8btNIlnvw6JcODIQKlB8lH1n7Vs1kcxTcBrPSfSrtQAigqQc79xFBqj8P-Xw15DKhhZ3MWITQs9pIHeBaaJu1yzYfOVm4/s819/3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="614" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTneVvE8JpdGv7EA_-GwNtwV9zhueLGSMUtduUoGNUAq14VT64suIFLq8PJVEpe4qr3Um_hNqznkoTrFIugFzvMljynTTBww8btNIlnvw6JcODIQKlB8lH1n7Vs1kcxTcBrPSfSrtQAigqQc79xFBqj8P-Xw15DKhhZ3MWITQs9pIHeBaaJu1yzYfOVm4/w300-h400/3.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgXi_09ihAbY5UMiEBx3P9lpzUkecy045aOCXlDXZy69eP7ObMf-BolOFkCEO5W6_A98je466Vw7LHHZ1gaNZoF17hsOXcYlDXMeViLkkboixHXSz1AoUU7j5TrrWGOfaSGVX9bm8Qh9KtXqk5hSTA3sT0lwMURZlU20Ff2pRPaLizkGzEoazXb5WCbOU/s819/4.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="614" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgXi_09ihAbY5UMiEBx3P9lpzUkecy045aOCXlDXZy69eP7ObMf-BolOFkCEO5W6_A98je466Vw7LHHZ1gaNZoF17hsOXcYlDXMeViLkkboixHXSz1AoUU7j5TrrWGOfaSGVX9bm8Qh9KtXqk5hSTA3sT0lwMURZlU20Ff2pRPaLizkGzEoazXb5WCbOU/w300-h400/4.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The insignia grommet would disappear in the 1964 iteration of the liner.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT-aFH6Rcf2Aaqs5xKYdrR-tT-C6IVPmzFPKQ4hlyGSiw8fQPZ3ipDZHtdvxOWrH_5vSMyDQNGEesnuTBAm05vLs524WaqBiZGKpYRbFYr3pTPonhe6irg4452uELQChEr8a2AqMosWJ9y5y3Aki_cHWp2_V9KQoS7CDITEZb-0GrLrARqU2qW7uLuNkU/s819/5.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="819" data-original-width="614" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT-aFH6Rcf2Aaqs5xKYdrR-tT-C6IVPmzFPKQ4hlyGSiw8fQPZ3ipDZHtdvxOWrH_5vSMyDQNGEesnuTBAm05vLs524WaqBiZGKpYRbFYr3pTPonhe6irg4452uELQChEr8a2AqMosWJ9y5y3Aki_cHWp2_V9KQoS7CDITEZb-0GrLrARqU2qW7uLuNkU/w300-h400/5.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Something appears to have been painted beneath the current coat of paint.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkxpWt9zTGstwWFm2Q-i9oRLz5rnkOagt0PZ5WWnugQAgXF-8e3VwXBgyytmTSeIZbQNnF9n-3TgKR2CkM_hyNY3V93nzYtH2WifMCp7XjzlN_jsGQTgp2wJnFFOtHaRDwqcYU0dm5P3iOtcIlW2P7h2kJzHB9iMC4fJDxxSjKaZQxxqrfyuCmiiGMM_8/s641/17.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="641" data-original-width="563" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkxpWt9zTGstwWFm2Q-i9oRLz5rnkOagt0PZ5WWnugQAgXF-8e3VwXBgyytmTSeIZbQNnF9n-3TgKR2CkM_hyNY3V93nzYtH2WifMCp7XjzlN_jsGQTgp2wJnFFOtHaRDwqcYU0dm5P3iOtcIlW2P7h2kJzHB9iMC4fJDxxSjKaZQxxqrfyuCmiiGMM_8/w351-h400/17.jpg" width="351" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">This handsome helmet, with further modifications, soldiered on well into the 1980s...truly a classic which symbolized the American GI for two generations.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDiF1zqEFgY3XcRkGrmzvpvU-fF8cwtDSadYWrpGt_eXhOyeY8UBvaEeGwTgT-JFh1vplMleOAvjCaPxzmrH8GpihyzQFu8soqgQ-6U4q1fJ-C43g3LXwJNMRiURyZm-TX5X991V2vZCkIGS_ML12eJD3J7QgmuyLG3Xh7Gmdv4zNVrKHExF_ZOVYIDSc/s7702/20240228_074402.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="7702" data-original-width="5728" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDiF1zqEFgY3XcRkGrmzvpvU-fF8cwtDSadYWrpGt_eXhOyeY8UBvaEeGwTgT-JFh1vplMleOAvjCaPxzmrH8GpihyzQFu8soqgQ-6U4q1fJ-C43g3LXwJNMRiURyZm-TX5X991V2vZCkIGS_ML12eJD3J7QgmuyLG3Xh7Gmdv4zNVrKHExF_ZOVYIDSc/w298-h400/20240228_074402.jpg" width="298" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Much of the information in this post comes from Mark Reynosa's superb book on post-war M1 helmets. Any mistakes or misinformation is the fault of myself and not Mark. Mark Reynosa is, in my estimation, the gold standard for helmet research books. He uses (and cites) copious amounts of primary source materials, he makes no unsubstantiated claims and keeps his opinions to a minimum. In all of his books on the M1 he provides sources, citations, and bibliography. Other authors would do well to follow his example. I cannot recommend Mark's books highly enough. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">See you next time with another cool helmet from the collection.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Mannie</span></div><br /></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /> <p></p>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-7329538682954485672024-02-24T11:35:00.000-08:002024-02-24T11:35:59.549-08:00The Yanks are coming: US helmets, 1917 - 1987<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Here are all but two of my American helmets. Center row, third down, is the latest from a Korean War veteran.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">On Wednesday I returned to work after a three-week bout of covid. I was greeted by a co-worker with a shopping bag under his arm. Imagine my delight when this very nice M1 emerged. It belonged to a neighbor of his in Queens, New York who had served in the Korean War. My friend said that he spent many happy summer days playing army with this helmet.</span></p><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8jDZjYYjCuY1d-Gq1FEC7J6Xdy7knR2VqQcbW_ieYlxaPMMKkUDvCQJ2oZY_dbtGwySPFFdmd3KT6SYObp_LNwk-Yvjhbr6FzeMqCufz5G8Jeif6wZJ9wbrzidGEk3CsO2lKyhCJj_bClDZwv37Gq6KRweh5oCGm9gnkp_Y8AExLOPZnik93mej0ua68/s825/0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="825" data-original-width="502" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8jDZjYYjCuY1d-Gq1FEC7J6Xdy7knR2VqQcbW_ieYlxaPMMKkUDvCQJ2oZY_dbtGwySPFFdmd3KT6SYObp_LNwk-Yvjhbr6FzeMqCufz5G8Jeif6wZJ9wbrzidGEk3CsO2lKyhCJj_bClDZwv37Gq6KRweh5oCGm9gnkp_Y8AExLOPZnik93mej0ua68/w390-h640/0.jpg" width="390" /></a></p><p>The center row, from top down represents the M1 from 1942 through 1987.</p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">This is one of those instances of people giving me helmets because I have made it known that I collect them. I have been gifted ten or twelve helmets in this manner over the past 51 years.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Don't be shy about spreading the word that you collect.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Mannie</span></p><p><br /></p><p><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-23084823624138017482024-02-20T12:36:00.000-08:002024-02-20T12:36:39.697-08:00German m.40 helmet manufacture<p> <span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Here's a short video showing the manufacture of German m.40 helmets:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">(Not OSHA approved)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4jveoKtVCI">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4jveoKtVCI</a></span></p><p><span style="color: #0000ee; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><u><br /></u></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4jveoKtVCI"></a></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4jveoKtVCI"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/P4jveoKtVCI" width="320" youtube-src-id="P4jveoKtVCI"></iframe></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P4jveoKtVCI"><br /></a><br /></span><p></p>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-50119304452959092582024-02-04T12:14:00.000-08:002024-02-04T12:20:08.081-08:00Upgrading the Indian M74 combat helmet<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> Go <a href="https://www.facebook.com/foodbowlss/videos/1546469849476725/" target="_blank">here</a> to see the whole fascinating process of turning a not very good helmet into a much more attractive, not very good helmet. It is interesting to note how extensively cyanoacrylate glue is used in this process. Also noteworthy is how this major military materiel refurbishment program utilizes such small shops.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8-31w4cZUTdAAxt8Rc7SRPIx1bIJjXevBzyhctte0bcMyY7Z31GYhqXHI-FrOBYDXPaSLUlBBkz4-k0tuOtCbhWJWEK420gmpxWF4xoefuWq-H2Vrv9fXot9eCYydw9eIoRfu1AsurS5WnCAFCNIoNVKtCcbd2sPUqU8XsFJNU50pLi32WdhAAcgUC8g/s4624/indian%20final.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2637" data-original-width="4624" height="364" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8-31w4cZUTdAAxt8Rc7SRPIx1bIJjXevBzyhctte0bcMyY7Z31GYhqXHI-FrOBYDXPaSLUlBBkz4-k0tuOtCbhWJWEK420gmpxWF4xoefuWq-H2Vrv9fXot9eCYydw9eIoRfu1AsurS5WnCAFCNIoNVKtCcbd2sPUqU8XsFJNU50pLi32WdhAAcgUC8g/w640-h364/indian%20final.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The M74 is an ugly duckling of a helmet with a riddell suspension, velcro fastened two-point chinstrap, and a fiberglass shell with little ballistic value. The "upgrade" to these helmets has mostly been cosmetic.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Using cottage-labor, India has refurbished an entire army's-worth of helmets, extending the life of the aged M74 well into the 21st century.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8BZZvu2_VRSFD6sf64sFuOLlIcH4BhD01LW2AVJPJ5Bbe8QpgDVwZWwFtmPBFkLoJlG8V105uM1afHj5NUR-OMDHImuEzF1gwqTfyVvP7TG1zPCwFwHqiaBCje5oU5XGItCbG-PASPmOWgGxBmM-N8x2LOXBjpZRlgxAOAzcgrFjm2G356ag7E7tBPA0/s502/Screenshot%20(356).png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="502" data-original-width="310" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8BZZvu2_VRSFD6sf64sFuOLlIcH4BhD01LW2AVJPJ5Bbe8QpgDVwZWwFtmPBFkLoJlG8V105uM1afHj5NUR-OMDHImuEzF1gwqTfyVvP7TG1zPCwFwHqiaBCje5oU5XGItCbG-PASPmOWgGxBmM-N8x2LOXBjpZRlgxAOAzcgrFjm2G356ag7E7tBPA0/w396-h640/Screenshot%20(356).png" width="396" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjapKHFw4DwmMrtkawQu8o8HUGkFz6bmeXk4MH6K6jRFknoI_Na77T9WdM61Iq-l0ZEBQtKirwo5jhjpxDwxOHjcDsAMWm6XismUKlhKN5mzQ12N5Ab65rgFRGda9taFoGMPXmiDCF7kCjJNH5JdiEts384ElsFDEJ-DG8YXlxwZL0WtRwxG09y2s4XFP0/s830/india.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="830" data-original-width="587" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjapKHFw4DwmMrtkawQu8o8HUGkFz6bmeXk4MH6K6jRFknoI_Na77T9WdM61Iq-l0ZEBQtKirwo5jhjpxDwxOHjcDsAMWm6XismUKlhKN5mzQ12N5Ab65rgFRGda9taFoGMPXmiDCF7kCjJNH5JdiEts384ElsFDEJ-DG8YXlxwZL0WtRwxG09y2s4XFP0/w452-h640/india.png" width="452" /></a></div><br />Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-35956276851716971672023-12-05T10:43:00.000-08:002023-12-05T10:43:19.404-08:00Season's greetings from the war room<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> May you find helmet-sized boxes under your tree.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPk1v8ZBOEdbjQjvt4OVONCE3YlZTJm1lrN0C3cowRvp_E4Go_vU5UPv4y5bXcjQXbBLkiCf2vg87EKJSybqlX18i7B_LQpcYSnYQSKi2MmM1imI6WR2rvhT1Rlbj7bDc_pZwSfEe5dPp48UHYcccnOKWSeKrZUhs5Cta0_IbgIq_3qGXFiUPjxljBEq4/s1535/0.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="744" data-original-width="1535" height="194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPk1v8ZBOEdbjQjvt4OVONCE3YlZTJm1lrN0C3cowRvp_E4Go_vU5UPv4y5bXcjQXbBLkiCf2vg87EKJSybqlX18i7B_LQpcYSnYQSKi2MmM1imI6WR2rvhT1Rlbj7bDc_pZwSfEe5dPp48UHYcccnOKWSeKrZUhs5Cta0_IbgIq_3qGXFiUPjxljBEq4/w400-h194/0.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span style="color: red; font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="color: red; font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Happy</span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="color: #04ff00; font-family: arial; font-size: large;">holidays</span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Mannie</span></p>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-44757566002768153402023-11-28T14:42:00.000-08:002023-11-28T14:42:39.096-08:00A beginner's guide to German helmets of WWI - the video<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">I took a semester off and one of my resolutions of how to make best use of this time was to make a new helmet video.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">I hope you find it of some use.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/dmHxzvxgE3k" width="320" youtube-src-id="dmHxzvxgE3k"></iframe></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-2472159829484328102023-06-23T14:01:00.001-07:002023-07-13T09:33:32.599-07:00Book review: The Austrian M1 Steel Helmet by Oliver C. Dorrell<p> </p><p><b><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">A first-rate read</span></b></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Oliver C. Dorrell sheds some much-needed light on the often overlooked, and always fun to collect, Austrian family of M1-type helmets.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlJNQ_zJJLEr_5mNSHWyozjcusvw7oJZyL0_B1iMiGJaXF3AbFqh_VXyV0K2XM3dew6-qDAIepfsCSF50P8QyFYOxEkWKkH-KkgK7Mj9uyOZ8G6ZH97tMgr_yCTbjvU1sCZwZYkfgS6rZ5XTk8JKd0afcYVacN4O5daDv11e6bBuKIbWARLcBPz5Y-xyg/s3406/20230623_164156.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3406" data-original-width="2645" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlJNQ_zJJLEr_5mNSHWyozjcusvw7oJZyL0_B1iMiGJaXF3AbFqh_VXyV0K2XM3dew6-qDAIepfsCSF50P8QyFYOxEkWKkH-KkgK7Mj9uyOZ8G6ZH97tMgr_yCTbjvU1sCZwZYkfgS6rZ5XTk8JKd0afcYVacN4O5daDv11e6bBuKIbWARLcBPz5Y-xyg/w311-h400/20230623_164156.jpg" width="311" /></span></a></div><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">There are many helmet books out there, and a precious few that I find of this caliber. Dorrell approaches the subject with what seems to be both affection and scholarship; both of these are all too often missing from the usual stable of such books.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The art direction of this book is superior, richly illustrated with excellent photographs, drawings, and charts. Dorrell provides observation rather than conjecture, which is refreshing in this hobby. His approach is the "walk-around" style of presentation. His observations of each iteration of the Austrian M1 are clear, concise,,nearly complete.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh211O7UJRE1QEHaBtvWDCWFQK2r6mNflOKd5gqs-oM8o_WbxX8DjFa6ajAF-GGVpQ65MJeUgbUnG0wfb_VlJuqnzMA5PN_zgLm30NL7FCLAxbg0iXcFTSD5spcbEmREUvx9zEC184UttIvZdj6m4BEuP0MWHyMT2SSf6mkcG5oip68GS2cqGI-IG790QA/s1024/20230623_164211.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh211O7UJRE1QEHaBtvWDCWFQK2r6mNflOKd5gqs-oM8o_WbxX8DjFa6ajAF-GGVpQ65MJeUgbUnG0wfb_VlJuqnzMA5PN_zgLm30NL7FCLAxbg0iXcFTSD5spcbEmREUvx9zEC184UttIvZdj6m4BEuP0MWHyMT2SSf6mkcG5oip68GS2cqGI-IG790QA/w300-h400/20230623_164211.jpg" width="300" /></span></a></div><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">He surprised me. My first stop, with any helmet reference book, are the final pages - where the sources should be. For some reason, all too frequently, collectors allow the so-called "experts" to make unsubstantiated claims, providing neither citations nor bibliography. Dorrell, provides both bibliography and references. Though I would have preferred citations, Dorrel relies heavily on his own observations, approaching the subject as a fellow enthusiast rather than a self-anointed guru.</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge0ytUJWD2ZuOIVyl43OYwnvUzGujIu9teN6rS0R5MqNqe6s5RTfj0EsY44reOYGCYEdOhivvuRCnDw4QI0qLz1lLSbxzkbzRIukd8QU5StREUXsZwGjR6yCzN-NxzNqQ_HMxo4zoNWXmrK5dio-rVTxDgcaYBrIGJ6mXpzsi-bQ2LXM4uyfDneRgTBAc/s4450/20230623_164240.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4450" data-original-width="3261" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEge0ytUJWD2ZuOIVyl43OYwnvUzGujIu9teN6rS0R5MqNqe6s5RTfj0EsY44reOYGCYEdOhivvuRCnDw4QI0qLz1lLSbxzkbzRIukd8QU5StREUXsZwGjR6yCzN-NxzNqQ_HMxo4zoNWXmrK5dio-rVTxDgcaYBrIGJ6mXpzsi-bQ2LXM4uyfDneRgTBAc/w293-h400/20230623_164240.jpg" width="293" /></span></a></p><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The Austrian M1 family of helmets represent a group that too often go unnoticed by collectors, which is a shame as they are so interesting and so representative of the post-war/Cold War era in Europe, Dorrell explores every detail, compares every component, and seems to leave no stone unturned in his summary of these interesting helmets...and he provides the reader with many, many examples.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">This is a solid piece of reference material, and a boon for both novice and advanced collector. I'm very happy to have this volume on my helmet bookshelf, it is informative, pretty to look at, and an altogether very useful book.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Let's see more of this and less of the helmet porn that passes for authoritative reference books filled with beautiful photos and unsubstantiated conjecture.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">I really like this very worthwhile book, and I highly recommend it.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">I'm hopeful that we'll see more from this collector.</span></p>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-84905646651157963252023-06-14T11:43:00.003-07:002023-06-14T12:09:31.461-07:00Don't be a dick<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcYXQbdofpzfBG3zVAOrLSNjJ_vcs2-qyKp24U5GqEy0HY55C5OWss3RuFFRjHt3EyXkjcPod0ATzI4wz1_Fa61AzX_fqQIYmVuLWHW1dhYj1agW7ta6oMrEVkLbZwcNbiyRbtc-B5eWJxgLZomZTsmCanegv_crujA5UoWfac1MLLu3KyyxeWsX1H/s716/dick.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="716" data-original-width="439" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcYXQbdofpzfBG3zVAOrLSNjJ_vcs2-qyKp24U5GqEy0HY55C5OWss3RuFFRjHt3EyXkjcPod0ATzI4wz1_Fa61AzX_fqQIYmVuLWHW1dhYj1agW7ta6oMrEVkLbZwcNbiyRbtc-B5eWJxgLZomZTsmCanegv_crujA5UoWfac1MLLu3KyyxeWsX1H/w392-h640/dick.jpg" width="392" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Goodness gracious, to look at some of the helmet collecting sites, it often seems that many of the members have wet diapers.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Novices are often berated by self-styled "experts" for asking fundamental questions about helmets.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">"Yeah, but..." counter the experts as they qualify their bullying - pronouncing that before a novice asks questions, they should do ample research before troubling the experts with such fundamental questions. Sadly, the I've never seen a moderator call out such bullying.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Another thing that bugs me (uh-oh...is this turning into a rant?) are the guys who shout "fake" at every opportunity, without giving any explanation for their reaction.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">One guy pronounced a helmet as fake, and when the original poster asked him what he based his opinion on, the response was:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">"Because it's fake."</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">My personal policy regarding the forums is that if I have nothing to add to the conversation, I say nothing. When I do make a comment, and someone wants to bicker about it, I remain aloof.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The forums exist for three reasons:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">1. to show off your cool helmets</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">2. to get information about cool helmets.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">3. to have fun</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">What is there in any of that to get one's panties in a bunch?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">What are your experiences in this regard? share in the comments.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">I gear this site toward the novices, and all questions are welcomed. You can always email me at: museumofamerica@myactv.net. I'd love to "talk helmets" with you.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Stay enthusiastic and keep having fun.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Mannie</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><br />Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-40491058830254077122023-05-11T10:11:00.001-07:002023-05-11T10:11:22.080-07:00Book review: The M-1 Helmet of the World War II GI (Oosterman)<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5bb4HuF3h4gI_IFxze1mRlCLuM8vdje7Y3PunS88Aa_Na3-dlAuT2R2-rlEEaADJ4LE7kA5Sio7JEysdEfki-8TMHDUcw2Wa_MQTe0AsoY7vkxT5DzDxxHku73nRLr0OUlVth7paIjc1OuB3rh8_kJ2WXc2BvXbt8OQOdZbluZCMH8e7X9iqHGVGY/s3239/M1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2953" data-original-width="3239" height="584" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5bb4HuF3h4gI_IFxze1mRlCLuM8vdje7Y3PunS88Aa_Na3-dlAuT2R2-rlEEaADJ4LE7kA5Sio7JEysdEfki-8TMHDUcw2Wa_MQTe0AsoY7vkxT5DzDxxHku73nRLr0OUlVth7paIjc1OuB3rh8_kJ2WXc2BvXbt8OQOdZbluZCMH8e7X9iqHGVGY/w640-h584/M1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Published by Schiffer, this book, by Pieter Oosterman has been around since 2010.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwpUYP6HxqkUapM1XJjRdW0S5SsMQ74C37nOjIu8O-ARTPKqhcpq2Q7ntmJuIMk05zWWgsky_l1_BUwqAa8vfLVRCh6yxGy6v4rpGJkR6fqY6iNsfr82Frt0IEhZAqn_3xHp-kmyGAegYy0lqBXQnyHaDxgrkCG697UP6t3ArvPfZ2d9wdJpwQYytJ/s4489/20230511_101439.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2802" data-original-width="4489" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwpUYP6HxqkUapM1XJjRdW0S5SsMQ74C37nOjIu8O-ARTPKqhcpq2Q7ntmJuIMk05zWWgsky_l1_BUwqAa8vfLVRCh6yxGy6v4rpGJkR6fqY6iNsfr82Frt0IEhZAqn_3xHp-kmyGAegYy0lqBXQnyHaDxgrkCG697UP6t3ArvPfZ2d9wdJpwQYytJ/w400-h250/20230511_101439.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Like manySchiffer books, it is beautiful, and ultimately disappointing.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The book profiles, in loving detail, fixed-bail McCord and Schlueter helmets of World War II. That is the first disappointment, it does not cover flexible-bail helmets...this is the sort of thing that propagates the common fallacy that flexible bails were solely post-war: this is particularly misleading for novice collectors, that belief is no fault of the author, but it would have been more satisfying, comprehensive, and useful had he included the flexible-bail models.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIiby0pnI7ueHBVkns3ST853fen46mdTgx-kifzqFq0mCFtP4uDBdbMRqow7dSXHsdKtENhMc6zBAaNARCFsFHa1q1q1o8YEbNGWeMWjdhbqU6XSBe8R2b2VihnTO_oPPIJVonMI10ninTVrjZBOsxktsN4130eKFWF0mwyNb_vlaJ6AiTzNTZjLTc/s4624/20230511_101502.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3468" data-original-width="4624" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIiby0pnI7ueHBVkns3ST853fen46mdTgx-kifzqFq0mCFtP4uDBdbMRqow7dSXHsdKtENhMc6zBAaNARCFsFHa1q1q1o8YEbNGWeMWjdhbqU6XSBe8R2b2VihnTO_oPPIJVonMI10ninTVrjZBOsxktsN4130eKFWF0mwyNb_vlaJ6AiTzNTZjLTc/w400-h300/20230511_101502.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEm4ax6SJBbzboMbTWGCbt4RzuXTVmLhWlriMVZC7-Ly7rSEDbzMiPzhPUm8d83YSOhCUOUUVX4AXIhcPTcbwFtDQaGasVWlQ8OanbZAOSFzMajEZh1eujPJbKdQxszEbWIMiWgK_OPgVwdY143F4QCV4ih5pH8dXTYLWMCuNEKc3pyUG3oxbwnwCJ/s4319/20230511_101534.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3095" data-original-width="4319" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEm4ax6SJBbzboMbTWGCbt4RzuXTVmLhWlriMVZC7-Ly7rSEDbzMiPzhPUm8d83YSOhCUOUUVX4AXIhcPTcbwFtDQaGasVWlQ8OanbZAOSFzMajEZh1eujPJbKdQxszEbWIMiWgK_OPgVwdY143F4QCV4ih5pH8dXTYLWMCuNEKc3pyUG3oxbwnwCJ/w400-h286/20230511_101534.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Despite that large omission, the book is chock-full of information, and, as is typical with Schiffer books, the volume is lush and the photos are a treat to behold, and the author has provided a superb variety of helmets, liners, straps, buckles, etc, to satisfy the novice and intermediate collector alike.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Much of the narrative information is based upon what the author observes about the pictured component. However, many assertions are made without citation of any sort. In many instances the author's assertions are qualified with phrases such as "...it seems likely that..." which is great, he is qualifying his statement. However, in other instances he will make a statment without qualifaction or citation, which leaves the reader in the position of simply having to take the authors word for it. I'd like to research further, I'd like the original source so that I can find more details...or even confirmation of the information; but again, no citations are given, no bibliography is provided, and the reader is left with only the word of the author to go on. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> Since when is this good scholarship? </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Even an eighth-grader is required to subscribe to the basic rules of research; indeed, most word processing programs have style guides for inserting footnotes and citations built right in to the system.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYa6LEJkYx9fUWZZ5T_nFL6g3pZuj2QmkiQTyuGMAjKBh3NzImgs1AI7dGychplPJ75TBCG6SeRyCdQiBE84e1rXnBcR5ve57b-F5pYcX12Fouw2RG7wSZ8tY7pYJajFC5iciTgyl36K9-At3iuZe22sslsbg2oZMKOiuXAhTeqwAMgB0YUgAqRaV9/s683/turabian%20final.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="627" data-original-width="683" height="368" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYa6LEJkYx9fUWZZ5T_nFL6g3pZuj2QmkiQTyuGMAjKBh3NzImgs1AI7dGychplPJ75TBCG6SeRyCdQiBE84e1rXnBcR5ve57b-F5pYcX12Fouw2RG7wSZ8tY7pYJajFC5iciTgyl36K9-At3iuZe22sslsbg2oZMKOiuXAhTeqwAMgB0YUgAqRaV9/w400-h368/turabian%20final.png" width="400" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">These requirements are unshakable in any legitimate scholarship.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0 0 0 40px; padding: 0px;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; text-align: left;">Again, this is the most fundamental rule of scholarly research - to prove your assertions, and to allow the reader opportunities to go to the sources listed in the bibliography to continue their research. Without these basics - required basics - of scholarship, the entire work can be called into question.</span></div></blockquote><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>The University of Wisconsin states the resons we cite in a very succinct manner:</b></span></p><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Verdana; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-top: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><i>Sources that support your ideas give your paper authority and credibility</i></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><i>Shows you have researched your topic thoroughly</i></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><i>Crediting sources protects you from plagiarism</i></li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;"><i>A list of sources can be a useful record for further research</i></li></ul><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Verdana; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><i>Different academic disciplines prefer different citation styles. In addition to Turabian, <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><a href="http://libguides.uww.edu/apa" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #501f82; text-decoration-line: none;">APA</a> </span>and <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><a href="http://libguides.uww.edu/mla" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #501f82; text-decoration-line: none;">MLA </a></span>are common at UWW. </i></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Verdana; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><i>Besides these styles, there are <a href="https://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #501f82; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">Chicago</a>, <a href="http://www.aaanet.org/publications/style_guide.pdf" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #501f82; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">AAA</a>, <a href="https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/subject_specific_writing/journalism_and_journalistic_writing/ap_style.html" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #501f82; text-decoration-line: none;" target="_blank">AP</a>, and many others. You should only use the most current edition of the citation style unless told otherwise.</i></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Verdana; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><i>Ask your instructor which citation style he/she wants you to use for assignments</i>. (1)</p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Verdana; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">(1) https://libguides.uww.edu/turabian#:~:text=Most%20academic%20writing%20cites%20others,sources%20protects%20you%20from%20plagiarism [wasn't that simple?]</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Verdana; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Verdana; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">I would also add that citations show respect for your reader.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigEfKyWPTjaVw9GKVSjPAABrMsuKWtjSxRbhgGwftn_SEbm5yTQncoaBgmS1oaRDAGmmfw0U-Dl5UGbZXpAagtbgphg5qaC4RfyCMHBbWvJHQ7rCpP5WF3rQc1MCmJg13_MZpzlJ-Hvzm79CXKGYZMdEQUk4gLJrjIPlyksqwoQFQPxOUElGXFxYRI/s4022/20230511_101651.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3276" data-original-width="4022" height="326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigEfKyWPTjaVw9GKVSjPAABrMsuKWtjSxRbhgGwftn_SEbm5yTQncoaBgmS1oaRDAGmmfw0U-Dl5UGbZXpAagtbgphg5qaC4RfyCMHBbWvJHQ7rCpP5WF3rQc1MCmJg13_MZpzlJ-Hvzm79CXKGYZMdEQUk4gLJrjIPlyksqwoQFQPxOUElGXFxYRI/w400-h326/20230511_101651.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Here we are at the back of the book where the sources and bibliography <i>should</i> be; it's the first place I look when buying a non-fiction book.</span></div><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">I'd like to say that this book is the exception, however, ninety percent of the books on my helmet bookshelf are without the fundamentals of citations, footnotes, references, and bibliography.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>Why do we, as collectors, allow this </b>(especially in this ninety-dollar book)<b>?</b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Sadly, in future book reviews, I'll merely have to cut-and-paste the foregoing, so widespread is the problem.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">In a classic case of the-pot-calling-the-kettle-black, I, myself, in this blog, have routinely omitted references, though in the past year I have corrected that lapse with citations whenever needed.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzfHs1uVqQXCa9YLrQs-10qQBq4mj-YzEXVTD65PN7wY-Xx-PTivE1fhmM8V3DeZFXDZeQbcbSs-lXqlI4bjUNXuYvivgYv4nRRr7AU9s6iKWv3PMRbw_XGw1bQ6D16uAJRyHuJmvpE2QdB9ZmrZ1eo3AWUjp0oO7yZidWxzGJ-Y41pj9avbuYyGui/s4624/20230511_101706.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3468" data-original-width="4624" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzfHs1uVqQXCa9YLrQs-10qQBq4mj-YzEXVTD65PN7wY-Xx-PTivE1fhmM8V3DeZFXDZeQbcbSs-lXqlI4bjUNXuYvivgYv4nRRr7AU9s6iKWv3PMRbw_XGw1bQ6D16uAJRyHuJmvpE2QdB9ZmrZ1eo3AWUjp0oO7yZidWxzGJ-Y41pj9avbuYyGui/w400-h300/20230511_101706.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Despite these serious shortcomings, the book is filled with sumptious photos, which are great references, especially for the collector who has some experience in the hobby.</span></p><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1nNlzKmNQyW5DeiJRB_vOkEb4fTYD1Bwrpq3F75eV2P3poqKcKNrm6D9LNVZOsAPRNo6-eCKJxkl_M2bndoUfPdpP3oKkUpwuCoGvO6vyCBgwIaFJtVQEIFOX-APqzyRQLkI02zZt6O0mm7PFw4UeeXO6P7-jsTN9ZYt0Io3s5TkpRCt1DlbI3G73/s4407/20230511_101626.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4407" data-original-width="3325" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1nNlzKmNQyW5DeiJRB_vOkEb4fTYD1Bwrpq3F75eV2P3poqKcKNrm6D9LNVZOsAPRNo6-eCKJxkl_M2bndoUfPdpP3oKkUpwuCoGvO6vyCBgwIaFJtVQEIFOX-APqzyRQLkI02zZt6O0mm7PFw4UeeXO6P7-jsTN9ZYt0Io3s5TkpRCt1DlbI3G73/w301-h400/20230511_101626.jpg" width="301" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTbq8yOuxxL_Tzl9wCz_2706nkQG-HBoIC1CDi6cggSjc8BiXaZVsxoUb70uVAyeU1kKDlaI42PR6EKxT75W0ueaHQuBCLbYvd86kycAhzeGdn3PysvIXYSrbX7h5o350cej7D3u_WwxACQzND32uPXGtXvWXPxnJiCCZtflcjda-CEma-NCrv4pXw/s4125/20230511_101711.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4125" data-original-width="3052" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTbq8yOuxxL_Tzl9wCz_2706nkQG-HBoIC1CDi6cggSjc8BiXaZVsxoUb70uVAyeU1kKDlaI42PR6EKxT75W0ueaHQuBCLbYvd86kycAhzeGdn3PysvIXYSrbX7h5o350cej7D3u_WwxACQzND32uPXGtXvWXPxnJiCCZtflcjda-CEma-NCrv4pXw/w296-h400/20230511_101711.jpg" width="296" /></a></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">I recommend this utterly gorgeous book...</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">with some serious qualification.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">See you next time.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Mannie</span></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-47135344398233401582023-03-31T10:06:00.001-07:002023-03-31T10:06:09.066-07:00Berndorfer chinstrap gets a new lease on life.<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> <span data-offset-key="7gaf5-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span data-text="true">Four years ago, I was fortunate enough to acquire an Austro-Hungarian Berndorfer shell, and sooner, rather than later, I will post an entry on it.</span></span></span></p><p><span data-offset-key="7gaf5-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span data-text="true"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEir7tb69gdAf_giAdoKVJ_NpKROgtqv-7hKQhmc6SDO2r3UTrlS1AuejfQiQurjzvnfA-tZxP1JdnzIMUhqMFkQnzWJoXO9uS-b3egYKPbDhSWOTlEdn-DX8XwxSHmTDFvFpj6EbKAyCGVGtE90JNeqZzvGOOM5ffBMju1lykIa5VGXMQShpjxVTuAb" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="275" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEir7tb69gdAf_giAdoKVJ_NpKROgtqv-7hKQhmc6SDO2r3UTrlS1AuejfQiQurjzvnfA-tZxP1JdnzIMUhqMFkQnzWJoXO9uS-b3egYKPbDhSWOTlEdn-DX8XwxSHmTDFvFpj6EbKAyCGVGtE90JNeqZzvGOOM5ffBMju1lykIa5VGXMQShpjxVTuAb=w343-h400" width="343" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">I display a reproduction chinstrap with it simply for aesthetic reasons.</span><p></p><p><span data-offset-key="7gaf5-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span data-text="true"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">When the helmet arrived, with it in the box was a long, brown, damp, lumpy mass...I know, right? I set that aside, uncertain what it was. Last week I was having a purge and came across that lump. Close examination revealed a mass of clay, rust, and what looked like perished leather; I started to dissect it. What was revealed was the very rusted original chinstrap cam-buckle. </span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span data-offset-key="7gaf5-0-0" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span data-text="true">I gave it a light scrub with a soft toothbrush which effectively got rid of the mud and the surface flakes of rust. Following that, I used a </span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #050505; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span data-offset-key="7gaf5-1-0">vinyl</span></span><span data-offset-key="7gaf5-2-0" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span data-text="true"> eraser to remove the rest of the rust. It cleaned up very well.</span></span></span></p><p><span data-offset-key="7gaf5-2-0" style="background-color: white; color: #050505; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span data-text="true"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmga_niCtE1-etni93uAtStIwnqJCGMwJAzd1zf0qxTNV27U-Q4L0fz64evQV-jeubznejsQZb1sOKwCPJrqOPFYb0xQFkMzPhtg4ShbYNUXXFrLbMRy6-qTDJse3rLQId2L-Hi-5PD-4ErqM-ah7O7UIUw4kNi09MTb8uX9UKMncRcs-X3oyZDQy5/s3575/20230329_123902.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3575" data-original-width="3382" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjmga_niCtE1-etni93uAtStIwnqJCGMwJAzd1zf0qxTNV27U-Q4L0fz64evQV-jeubznejsQZb1sOKwCPJrqOPFYb0xQFkMzPhtg4ShbYNUXXFrLbMRy6-qTDJse3rLQId2L-Hi-5PD-4ErqM-ah7O7UIUw4kNi09MTb8uX9UKMncRcs-X3oyZDQy5/w379-h400/20230329_123902.jpg" width="379" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">As you can see, the reproduction is an exact twin of the original, and the strap is first-rate quality.</span></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-ycnz3wvRdu6JlNNkXSX-EtJvb5K6EbtUSY1T3_ZjBoVYlr7UC-ebtWr10HmIxv_H-7RbrPtwxjrTVX6KcoxNfeOXM05hrVkAGzFIg3a2DgV3t1P2TLSLXBcCC8wA77XFTOgcP_qa8YYe_fzYlgoTRGzm3Dh7JgCHPrUgss09bzs0C-DT64UH5uXP/s2559/20230329_125319.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1934" data-original-width="2559" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-ycnz3wvRdu6JlNNkXSX-EtJvb5K6EbtUSY1T3_ZjBoVYlr7UC-ebtWr10HmIxv_H-7RbrPtwxjrTVX6KcoxNfeOXM05hrVkAGzFIg3a2DgV3t1P2TLSLXBcCC8wA77XFTOgcP_qa8YYe_fzYlgoTRGzm3Dh7JgCHPrUgss09bzs0C-DT64UH5uXP/w400-h303/20230329_125319.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg9DDml6rSiIMpseCcZPMhPIsuvbneAOWX5og4ncqOYd-6aIsh9rf19v7jwS7IsR7xz-4-Zim9-tw49Qj0USYM_0DSzWMTh8IVN0vNvey6iP43cUTexsYPN7Gx17qjjrJmqAbXL3Bih6EiYcDAp9XF4UYXdxB27abWjZgOcdCRmPvGBbu7RCUDNZpVb" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="316" data-original-width="320" height="395" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg9DDml6rSiIMpseCcZPMhPIsuvbneAOWX5og4ncqOYd-6aIsh9rf19v7jwS7IsR7xz-4-Zim9-tw49Qj0USYM_0DSzWMTh8IVN0vNvey6iP43cUTexsYPN7Gx17qjjrJmqAbXL3Bih6EiYcDAp9XF4UYXdxB27abWjZgOcdCRmPvGBbu7RCUDNZpVb=w400-h395" width="400" /></a></div><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJFzBjragAux5FUvgRs6r91q_cdWT8W6QiQ4Fuy-hWe2iXImGRy81E5vNCmrrkXyOG-j8i3SBSScwIkXdA_owx7xvCQnNc_oEEK1dWxxF5DOYV9OIuwkJLHNv2i0vl9yxDKCc9JQc7IzH5IRCvMTqIscnbC37PfmuPJqfqdrjuPcUekQkZGPByAB0y/s2842/20230329_130008.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2842" data-original-width="2617" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJFzBjragAux5FUvgRs6r91q_cdWT8W6QiQ4Fuy-hWe2iXImGRy81E5vNCmrrkXyOG-j8i3SBSScwIkXdA_owx7xvCQnNc_oEEK1dWxxF5DOYV9OIuwkJLHNv2i0vl9yxDKCc9JQc7IzH5IRCvMTqIscnbC37PfmuPJqfqdrjuPcUekQkZGPByAB0y/w369-h400/20230329_130008.jpg" width="369" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> I replaced the reproduction buckle with the original and the result is very pleasing.</span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGwSmELd6HjO5dGDnY5TMiyVMaZOo8iWyILuY6FSBSLxQiWUpEROSJGeztZ8ZibMwdBu3QKnTjcVTRGVOJGEAATbgHog5WGDd4zB0kCrdwxXIRcT7c3rdonn24BshE-SF5Zm9vUMQTNryrJMEkSaCQ6eU0IjIxHTOM3mjKNXZej90K8d4dTl4Ixkpf/s1485/20230329_131951.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1359" data-original-width="1485" height="293" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGwSmELd6HjO5dGDnY5TMiyVMaZOo8iWyILuY6FSBSLxQiWUpEROSJGeztZ8ZibMwdBu3QKnTjcVTRGVOJGEAATbgHog5WGDd4zB0kCrdwxXIRcT7c3rdonn24BshE-SF5Zm9vUMQTNryrJMEkSaCQ6eU0IjIxHTOM3mjKNXZej90K8d4dTl4Ixkpf/s320/20230329_131951.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">This was a pleasant surprise and a nice conclusion.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">See you next time with another cool helmet from the collection.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Mannie</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div></span><p></p>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-5484997064469505132023-03-03T09:36:00.005-08:002023-03-03T12:33:56.484-08:00France m.1915 combat helmet (infantry)<div style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;">
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;">General Adrian's wonderful helmet.</span></span><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1ydj8dc18Xon3Nqs4cCUJRUTfvpKB9WWrrmayhPfIZqChlMFun2VhbG6GiF3Rijzu-T8-cpWqcHLwY-kseumMg_j6xRUwMlbP4nH7IGu0VkhfYly_EBpQTY8duccb3TxQmipxP4fgtaJma_1IqVkRox4YJ73JIdi5poEuT57oOylkgr7EsKcsNI0R/s595/adrian%20final.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="509" data-original-width="595" height="548" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1ydj8dc18Xon3Nqs4cCUJRUTfvpKB9WWrrmayhPfIZqChlMFun2VhbG6GiF3Rijzu-T8-cpWqcHLwY-kseumMg_j6xRUwMlbP4nH7IGu0VkhfYly_EBpQTY8duccb3TxQmipxP4fgtaJma_1IqVkRox4YJ73JIdi5poEuT57oOylkgr7EsKcsNI0R/w640-h548/adrian%20final.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Excerpt from: Helmets and Body Armor in Modern Warfare by Bashford Dean, Yale University Press, 1920:</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><em>The French appear to be the first to accept the helmet in actual service and thousands of soldiers today bear witness to the practical value of the casque which was provided for them, notably through the efforts of General Adrian.</em></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><em>A few words as to the work of General Adrian... General Adrian sought ways and means in all directions for reducing his losses. One day he stood before a stretcher and talked with a wounded man --- "I had luck," said the sufferer, "I happened to have a metal mess-bowl in my hat and it saved my life." This incident impressed the General deeply. Here was the question of a device which might prove of universal value. So with his usual earnestness, he attacked the problem of a head defense. He promptly had a steel "calotte" made and fitted inside his cap; then he wore it constantly to find whether it would cause notable discomfort. Next he had many of them made and used experimentally.</em></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><em>Good reports soon came in from the front. Thereupon, he developed the regular helmet which was manufactured in great numbers for the French Army. At first this defense was turned out hastily, stamped from dies which had already served in making the helmets of firemen.</em></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><em>Investigation showed that the new helmet was of actual value in the field; hence it became a part of the regular equipment and was used by every soldier on active duty...</em></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><em>It is interesting to note that almost from the beginning the "casque Adrian" was a successful experiment. It protected a measurable portion of its wearer; it was light and soldiers of all classes shortly "took to it." The casque was attractive in its lines and it added martial distinction to its wearer - which proved, in the opinion of many officers, a more important argument for its use than its ballistic value.</em></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; text-align: left;">French General August Louis Adrian made the battlefield a safer place for the soldier when he designed the first </span><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIHxNPmqLo8" style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; text-align: left;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">modern combat helmet</span></a><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; text-align: left;"> (click the link for the video).</span></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The French armed forces appeared on the field in the opening year of the Great War uniformed much as they had been fifty years earlier. Pomp and prettiness by the yard, but very little functionality either in personal protection or concealment.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Side view, showing both the distinctive profile of this beautiful helmet and , at the same time, exposing its inherent weaknesses. The helmet consists of four separate parts: front visor, rear visor, bowl, and crest. Each seam and each rivet represents a weak point, a place of potential failure. This helmet is very light, the steel very thin, the liner rudimentary, and the whole thing is made of only mild steel, still...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">it was a breakthrough, and immediately fatalities from head wounds decreased.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The only way for protective equipment to be successful is if it is actually used. The French high command was pleasantly surprised with the enthusiasm that the French G.I.s accepted this helmet. It provided them with a martial élan, that stoked their professionalism and pride. In short, the French soldiers embraced it.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">And the other nations took note.</span><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TKnzBvj8rFM/V1mDwB7JieI/AAAAAAAAYfI/sPLmSVTWz1E0RoZlDclxf2tFHzOj3FpLQCLcB/s1600/IMG_3195.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-TKnzBvj8rFM/V1mDwB7JieI/AAAAAAAAYfI/sPLmSVTWz1E0RoZlDclxf2tFHzOj3FpLQCLcB/s400/IMG_3195.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NGnb40K1m1k/V1mDxTXsVMI/AAAAAAAAYfQ/6OA-WPeT7Yw_qk0Oa9f4iZqRlOWtHtVIgCLcB/s1600/IMG_3196.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-NGnb40K1m1k/V1mDxTXsVMI/AAAAAAAAYfQ/6OA-WPeT7Yw_qk0Oa9f4iZqRlOWtHtVIgCLcB/s400/IMG_3196.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TMSsk8zeots/V1mD86NDZRI/AAAAAAAAYfY/EoBjZlsSeZsQ6j8EdoIumtpYjU2c1_H-QCLcB/s1600/IMG_3197.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TMSsk8zeots/V1mD86NDZRI/AAAAAAAAYfY/EoBjZlsSeZsQ6j8EdoIumtpYjU2c1_H-QCLcB/s400/IMG_3197.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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</span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ofnPl4lF1j0/V1mD9V_e1_I/AAAAAAAAYfg/wy9GRz1dYEksDI6YL5PzilcttO6Bups7QCLcB/s1600/IMG_3200.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" height="330" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ofnPl4lF1j0/V1mD9V_e1_I/AAAAAAAAYfg/wy9GRz1dYEksDI6YL5PzilcttO6Bups7QCLcB/s400/IMG_3200.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The "flaming bomb" is the symbol of the infantry...</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrpElyYRPrUF3tnLxRUA1LexFuDsQ1EAmloAqp3wm4Ui-E1YRDyhMoJOWu31-zznsRzJB32ZHRjEZEPAILQXCvlGsubdcaeNtHLAN-6hU7YTRjSLA8oWQVjVafFNcwhj1WT-ZKWb1K56A7vVMgHB_ykoaIw7iv7PLvVyh13ty6k416_qJdF8xGvoLc/s400/bobb.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="400" data-original-width="300" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrpElyYRPrUF3tnLxRUA1LexFuDsQ1EAmloAqp3wm4Ui-E1YRDyhMoJOWu31-zznsRzJB32ZHRjEZEPAILQXCvlGsubdcaeNtHLAN-6hU7YTRjSLA8oWQVjVafFNcwhj1WT-ZKWb1K56A7vVMgHB_ykoaIw7iv7PLvVyh13ty6k416_qJdF8xGvoLc/w300-h400/bobb.jpg" width="300" /></a></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> this is much like the insignia of the US Army Ordnance Corps.</span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WJec3y9g_PI/V1mEB8eL_VI/AAAAAAAAYfs/6yNPsYXEuV0FAyF61KxdMCB1E4q800R7gCLcB/s1600/IMG_3201.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" height="302" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WJec3y9g_PI/V1mEB8eL_VI/AAAAAAAAYfs/6yNPsYXEuV0FAyF61KxdMCB1E4q800R7gCLcB/s400/IMG_3201.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">A critical weak point on this helmet, where the bowl and the front and rear visors</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">are joined together by rivets.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">This close-up of the leather, wool, and metal liner demonstrate another weakness of this pioneer attempt a cranial protection: corrugated aluminum spacers provide less than a quarter of an inch separating the shell of the helmet from the skull of the wearer. Typical displacement of a dent in the helmet is an inch...so where does that leave the skull of the wearer? Improvements will come, but, still, this is much better than a cloth cap, ne conviendriez-vous pas ?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Manufacture of the helmet was a combination of machine and hand-work, and saw the employment of many female war-workers.</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Multiple stampings</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> form the bowl-shaped shell.</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></span></div><div style="margin: 0px;">
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Visible are the crimped edges which will accept the front and rear visors.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Iaagz_OA1pA/V1oGrSN3ZBI/AAAAAAAAYic/15aArp1hyjAyr7Y0Y-W_AVZRUT1lxm0EwCKgB/s1600/adrian%2B4.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="295" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Iaagz_OA1pA/V1oGrSN3ZBI/AAAAAAAAYic/15aArp1hyjAyr7Y0Y-W_AVZRUT1lxm0EwCKgB/s400/adrian%2B4.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--9zgNWv2ZdY/V1oGYYtiThI/AAAAAAAAYhs/kAMy-4EMHWoyKRELDQxWLynmsKjU2Up4wCLcB/s1600/adrian%2B3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--9zgNWv2ZdY/V1oGYYtiThI/AAAAAAAAYhs/kAMy-4EMHWoyKRELDQxWLynmsKjU2Up4wCLcB/s400/adrian%2B3.jpg" width="286" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-79dUEHFYYPc/V1oGW0Qcx1I/AAAAAAAAYhc/QpoHTk8qw5cgqmN0xhAs4khs9y90ioi1ACLcB/s1600/adrian%2B1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" height="293" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-79dUEHFYYPc/V1oGW0Qcx1I/AAAAAAAAYhc/QpoHTk8qw5cgqmN0xhAs4khs9y90ioi1ACLcB/s400/adrian%2B1.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> Here, the crests have yet to be added showing to good effect the ventilation hole </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">at the crown of the shell</span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L5tYax6GaoY/V1oG2RQPACI/AAAAAAAAYic/V3buQrJXqVgTtnwGn_srkNAi5yWfMcctgCKgB/s1600/adrian%2B7.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" height="286" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L5tYax6GaoY/V1oG2RQPACI/AAAAAAAAYic/V3buQrJXqVgTtnwGn_srkNAi5yWfMcctgCKgB/s400/adrian%2B7.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Assembling the liners. These are the earlier one-piece versions. Later in the war, in a move to conserve leather the ends of the leather fingers were separate pieces, allowing the manufacture to utilize leftover portions of leather.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-eJY0puv6qMg/V1oHVnGSV4I/AAAAAAAAYiU/LhW2_vPji9Mb03XN9tqvsYJkDhPT6NOHACLcB/s1600/adrian%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" height="275" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-eJY0puv6qMg/V1oHVnGSV4I/AAAAAAAAYiU/LhW2_vPji9Mb03XN9tqvsYJkDhPT6NOHACLcB/s400/adrian%2B2.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Ready for shipment, and...</span></span></div>
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et voilà!</span></h1>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9VoHiRZga-Q/V1mDe0AE15I/AAAAAAAAYgE/1uQ_at41ZG4r5r4PvPXuy2vLuR_GQUemACKgB/s1600/IMG_3191.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9VoHiRZga-Q/V1mDe0AE15I/AAAAAAAAYgE/1uQ_at41ZG4r5r4PvPXuy2vLuR_GQUemACKgB/s400/IMG_3191.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Now, for some action shots.</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Qem5egwFXX4/V1oMs87IciI/AAAAAAAAYjM/t2caqtTITfgg_T9mkWRlynY5xiH92RqNQCLcB/s1600/m.15%2B3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Qem5egwFXX4/V1oMs87IciI/AAAAAAAAYjM/t2caqtTITfgg_T9mkWRlynY5xiH92RqNQCLcB/s400/m.15%2B3.jpg" width="298" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9D_vHxVs98U/V1oMvId3npI/AAAAAAAAYjU/2CxZYWCUXUEMNKYwLFTcpjRSUYv-EP36gCLcB/s1600/m.15%2B4.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9D_vHxVs98U/V1oMvId3npI/AAAAAAAAYjU/2CxZYWCUXUEMNKYwLFTcpjRSUYv-EP36gCLcB/s400/m.15%2B4.jpg" width="258" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FpBeVRFczFw/V1oJ3-WwC6I/AAAAAAAAYik/QAlzEQJSY0kUk8vC77AMRX06h54tNVDHwCLcB/s1600/french%2Bposter.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FpBeVRFczFw/V1oJ3-WwC6I/AAAAAAAAYik/QAlzEQJSY0kUk8vC77AMRX06h54tNVDHwCLcB/s400/french%2Bposter.jpg" width="302" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">It seems as though General Adrian's helmet brought out the romantic in your average poilu.</div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bJPMiobldWc/V1oKVsZXw5I/AAAAAAAAYis/K47EEmy6vzE7IVy-E9_KnMSEZQVHgXGBgCLcB/s1600/22.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bJPMiobldWc/V1oKVsZXw5I/AAAAAAAAYis/K47EEmy6vzE7IVy-E9_KnMSEZQVHgXGBgCLcB/s400/22.jpg" width="302" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RnmumKLsSvg/V1oRYHpg6mI/AAAAAAAAYj0/G6n3V-eHmXIfnObRqOUD-uenixPywrepgCLcB/s1600/1915.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RnmumKLsSvg/V1oRYHpg6mI/AAAAAAAAYj0/G6n3V-eHmXIfnObRqOUD-uenixPywrepgCLcB/s400/1915.jpg" width="333" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><em>La Mitrailleuse</em>, 1915 by Christopher Richard Wynne Nevinson</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_0BoO175xieM/Rf54JtkA7WI/AAAAAAAAA5k/RkdijVctDZA/s1600-h/french+monument.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5043600740946341218" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/_0BoO175xieM/Rf54JtkA7WI/AAAAAAAAA5k/RkdijVctDZA/s400/french+monument.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;" /></a>Here we have a silent reminder of the dreadful cost of the Great War to the French:</span></div>
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1,357,800 dead, 4,266,000 wounded.</span></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUQpyAoNTThyUM2HZS-HW2VTJeCO8amrwwNFKuL_C0Ublsz7nA17qDfsUFmaakSlknsfolcjrUcIM-1GhJ4JfhkT7O51vfqgy15rAwl1S2OZr0XgqxtWO8qx5u2TCnMj7qhthyi1rTyvO8gQ0Fu4W07JBoZrT3ODyF76J8YwBuWLHqFOUtFG7nJXFW/s669/28168216_10211295258313015_3502312871923685421_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="669" data-original-width="500" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUQpyAoNTThyUM2HZS-HW2VTJeCO8amrwwNFKuL_C0Ublsz7nA17qDfsUFmaakSlknsfolcjrUcIM-1GhJ4JfhkT7O51vfqgy15rAwl1S2OZr0XgqxtWO8qx5u2TCnMj7qhthyi1rTyvO8gQ0Fu4W07JBoZrT3ODyF76J8YwBuWLHqFOUtFG7nJXFW/w299-h400/28168216_10211295258313015_3502312871923685421_n.jpg" width="299" /></a></div><br /></div><div style="margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
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Before you go, check out the delightful label of this California winery, with the model 1915 as its logo. How cool is that?</span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_0BoO175xieM/SW1-AatNQWI/AAAAAAAAHmc/DcZm93f2kPw/s1600-h/CabFranc_500.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5291023682864234850" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/_0BoO175xieM/SW1-AatNQWI/AAAAAAAAHmc/DcZm93f2kPw/s400/CabFranc_500.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 370px; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; width: 400px;" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Link to <span style="font-style: italic;">Le Casque</span> </span><a href="http://www.casquewines.com/scripts/wineryPg.cfm"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">here</span></a><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">, and raise a glass of this fine California wine in a toast to General August Louis Adrian, the man who started it all. Cheers!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">See you next time with another cool helmet from the collection.</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Mannie</span></span></div>
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</div></div>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-70127810941140255992023-03-03T07:33:00.000-08:002023-03-03T07:33:16.418-08:00Fifty years of helmet collecting<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> Fifty years on has me a little reflective regarding my hobby. I've posted about a Japanese type 90 that I found (or helped find) on Guam in 1972. And that's where the bug bit me.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx9YDoo1G_p9na0u7J_14MG56hzSOusbhpRZtAMNldDheWuB90yD98X-2WkTDLxWT3avx6TgIiYP8xdSvADYZ-nAarbcI2BRf1CndPyXYKItasVP_JR2cZ1Y1gWez2ogxQdONxy4JSbdiedZ8HQftRW-dERlJTymtQiqJO1pwTwjduics7wCnWkLiR/s960/20157894_10211033349005446_6948624468134261473_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhx9YDoo1G_p9na0u7J_14MG56hzSOusbhpRZtAMNldDheWuB90yD98X-2WkTDLxWT3avx6TgIiYP8xdSvADYZ-nAarbcI2BRf1CndPyXYKItasVP_JR2cZ1Y1gWez2ogxQdONxy4JSbdiedZ8HQftRW-dERlJTymtQiqJO1pwTwjduics7wCnWkLiR/w640-h480/20157894_10211033349005446_6948624468134261473_o.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">I've been collecting ever since then.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">I've had as many helmets pass through my collection as I have in it now. Over the years I've more and more, tightened the focus of the collection to include only ground and naval combat helmets, of the 20th century.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Gone are the aviaition helmets, military police, para-military, armored vehicle, civil defense, parade helmets, gone are the experimentals, gone are the stray M1 liners. The collection now is about as curated as it is going to get and I get a great deal of pleasure out of it.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The collection is mostly garden-variety plain Janes, though there are three or four real stand-outs. I'm very happy with it.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Where I'm going with this is, when I came home from the Navy in 1974 I would go to militaria shows and gun shows, looking for helmets. And truly, I thought that I was one of the only people who had such a hobby, Slowly, I became aware that I was part of a very large community of collectors who had the same interest as I. There weren't the wealth of books and guides that there are today, but people like the legenday Floyd Tubbs gave me some good initial advice and encouragement.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">I have seen tremendous growth in the hobby over five decades. And with the internet, facebook, and other online groups, one can see that the hobby is growing and attracting younger and younger collectors all the time.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">I remember the evening at a friend's house, when he introduced me to ebay, maybe 25 years ago...at that time ebay had been around for a couple of years. I immediately entered "helmet", and was presented with 1,200 auctions. Tonight, there are over 25,000 active helmet auctions.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">With this growth have come some downsides, including skyrocketing prices, and the plague of fakery. Fakery to the degree that it often seems pointless to shop for WWII German helmets, or unit marked M1 helmets. I caution beginner collectors to do as much research as they can before considering the high-end items; there are a lot of sharks in the water.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Despite that, I'm happy to see the hobby growing, and one of my greatest satisfactions with this blog, and my helmet videos, is to share my insights and advice with the beginners...and be clear, I never refer to myself as an expert. I am far from that; rather, I call myself an "experienced beginner."</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><i>Why don't you share (in the comments) your favorite helmet-collecting story.</i></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Let's continue collecting and continue keeping the hobby fun.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">See you next time with another cool helmet from the collection,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Mannie</span></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-78568586946050389552022-12-31T18:05:00.001-08:002022-12-31T18:05:31.155-08:00The ideas of preservation, conservation, and restoration; a video<p> </p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">A short video about how I have taken my work home with me...so to speak,</span></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="348" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/6pJe53vTz4c" width="419" youtube-src-id="6pJe53vTz4c"></iframe></div><br /><p></p>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-70039885914274830592022-09-09T05:50:00.001-07:002022-09-10T08:10:47.376-07:00Nazi Germany, M.40 tropenhelm (with postscript)<div>
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In the mid 1980s a dear friend's husband passed away, and she gave me a big box of the things that he brought home from the war. The items were all German and included, a police shako (urban), map case, complete mess kit, swastika flags, banners and armbands, tinnies, etc. When I protested that she could get considerable money for this box of treasure, she responded that if I didn't take it it was going out in the trash. </span></div>
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Norma's husband was Clarence "Chappie" Chapman. Chapman went overseas in November '44 with the 75th Infantry Division. He spent one month in Wales and then went to LeHavre France in December of '44. His first action was on Christmas eve in Ardennes Forest. He saw a considerable amount of action.</span></div>
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After VE day Chapman served in Reimes and was involved in occupation efforts, organizing units to go to Japan, and sending others home. Along the way he had accumulated a large amount of souvenirs, including this nearly pristine m.40 tropenhelm.</span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EiFHyQSreOM/W5kTT2xX6YI/AAAAAAAAic0/_LE4UPB35EgCVN-xkyUokqa8P6xDsWq5QCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_4987.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1228" data-original-width="1600" height="306" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-EiFHyQSreOM/W5kTT2xX6YI/AAAAAAAAic0/_LE4UPB35EgCVN-xkyUokqa8P6xDsWq5QCLcBGAs/s400/IMG_4987.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Lightweight, effective, and handsome, the m. 40 tropical helmet was a popular item of headgear among the Nazi German forces fighting in tropical and arid climates, especially in North Africa.</span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BLSXKljbRzQ/W5kTTczG89I/AAAAAAAAics/qVmOg0zzqc4I8-DTGWtR9A0BmxiyVBfGgCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_4985.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1315" data-original-width="1600" height="327" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BLSXKljbRzQ/W5kTTczG89I/AAAAAAAAics/qVmOg0zzqc4I8-DTGWtR9A0BmxiyVBfGgCLcBGAs/s400/IMG_4985.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Comprised of cotton duck covered cork this lightweight helmet provided cool protection against an unforgiving sun</span>.</span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-47uJyfC7OFA/W5kTZxnslEI/AAAAAAAAic4/Pyafoor5mJUPX3jIM2XdPwiCX8HKkmhyACLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_4988.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1214" data-original-width="1600" height="302" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-47uJyfC7OFA/W5kTZxnslEI/AAAAAAAAic4/Pyafoor5mJUPX3jIM2XdPwiCX8HKkmhyACLcBGAs/s400/IMG_4988.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">This helmet is particularly comfortable to wear and seems feather-light compared to a steel helmet.</span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DpD-2RNwqao/W5kTZ7oxqcI/AAAAAAAAic8/OipB5t1fFj0dRQKTg-tK62L0jIa6TnEjQCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_4989.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1373" data-original-width="1600" height="342" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-DpD-2RNwqao/W5kTZ7oxqcI/AAAAAAAAic8/OipB5t1fFj0dRQKTg-tK62L0jIa6TnEjQCLcBGAs/s400/IMG_4989.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6GlyzVOLWI4/W5kTaSseUdI/AAAAAAAAidA/4b8s0HOzE0gpS_xsrdqChXxhqgsIg-7DACLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_4990.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1357" data-original-width="1600" height="338" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-6GlyzVOLWI4/W5kTaSseUdI/AAAAAAAAidA/4b8s0HOzE0gpS_xsrdqChXxhqgsIg-7DACLcBGAs/s400/IMG_4990.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The rear brim is longer that the front and provides good solar protection for the back of the neck.</span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-63m0R8pB_zw/W5kTfVBF2bI/AAAAAAAAidE/bdagGoCu8fcL90mrcVcv2zoi1-Bqj0HmQCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_4992.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1194" data-original-width="1600" height="297" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-63m0R8pB_zw/W5kTfVBF2bI/AAAAAAAAidE/bdagGoCu8fcL90mrcVcv2zoi1-Bqj0HmQCLcBGAs/s400/IMG_4992.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">It's a well-designed and well-constructed helmet with a great deal of attention to detail.</span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4mhPaO9TKYk/W5kTjJTOSwI/AAAAAAAAidI/QxrpgxorA5oOW2XL41P9arxdFAi-l-gdwCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_4993.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4mhPaO9TKYk/W5kTjJTOSwI/AAAAAAAAidI/QxrpgxorA5oOW2XL41P9arxdFAi-l-gdwCLcBGAs/s400/IMG_4993.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The lightweight but sturdy, green-dyed leather chinstrap is adjustable with a sliding square buckle. I have seen many photos of this helmet in action, but never with the chinstrap deployed.</span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-J2DQITm1Jrw/W5kTrdjLvYI/AAAAAAAAidk/CmiDZUnIn8YxixPmb-2lLoNg3zUQAIwgQCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_5000.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-J2DQITm1Jrw/W5kTrdjLvYI/AAAAAAAAidk/CmiDZUnIn8YxixPmb-2lLoNg3zUQAIwgQCLcBGAs/s400/IMG_5000.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The chinstrap is easily removed by a hook attached to the liner band.</span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XSUA3ezocsU/W5kTpzYZttI/AAAAAAAAidc/RqQxm6kDqpg-TrXgGom4oDCR2cdxABZbgCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_4996.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XSUA3ezocsU/W5kTpzYZttI/AAAAAAAAidc/RqQxm6kDqpg-TrXgGom4oDCR2cdxABZbgCLcBGAs/s400/IMG_4996.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The tricolor shield is on the right side of the bowl...</span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ge8CkO970fQ/W5kU3FCTo2I/AAAAAAAAieg/2GTTEVRZ9dsGJCDUsPoRp9t_SS5IkscwwCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_4995.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Ge8CkO970fQ/W5kU3FCTo2I/AAAAAAAAieg/2GTTEVRZ9dsGJCDUsPoRp9t_SS5IkscwwCLcBGAs/s400/IMG_4995.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">and the army insignia is on the left.</span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9MGBtED3XJ8/W5kTwwxH_WI/AAAAAAAAids/YMPKKWqKJr81EL-02bysK5sdYitYtIINgCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_5002.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9MGBtED3XJ8/W5kTwwxH_WI/AAAAAAAAids/YMPKKWqKJr81EL-02bysK5sdYitYtIINgCLcBGAs/s400/IMG_5002.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Both shields are affixed to the bowl with brass wires that pierce the cork and cotton and are clinched tightly.</span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TbeP1My-FtU/W5kTzZEmMTI/AAAAAAAAid0/LKl-85te54cg9SiIMdi_Yy-9J8ref_KIQCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_5004.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-TbeP1My-FtU/W5kTzZEmMTI/AAAAAAAAid0/LKl-85te54cg9SiIMdi_Yy-9J8ref_KIQCLcBGAs/s400/IMG_5004.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The headband is made of high grade leather.</span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lDf92E0ef-0/W5kTzXEeEXI/AAAAAAAAid4/zKe87UH0PhgEq0cv4RnIsHVF_zk8CdstwCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_5005.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-lDf92E0ef-0/W5kTzXEeEXI/AAAAAAAAid4/zKe87UH0PhgEq0cv4RnIsHVF_zk8CdstwCLcBGAs/s400/IMG_5005.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The size and manufacturer are ink-stamped inside the band.</span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SxzTV7jLZv0/W5kUsX1Y46I/AAAAAAAAieY/3baEc4MS0FsfzVhY088ZsGWaAaocP5mMACEwYBhgL/s1600/IMG_4994.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-SxzTV7jLZv0/W5kUsX1Y46I/AAAAAAAAieY/3baEc4MS0FsfzVhY088ZsGWaAaocP5mMACEwYBhgL/s400/IMG_4994.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">To provide air circulation (similar to the pickelhaube) there is a clever ventilator on the dome of the helmet.</span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-q3oSXExCrBw/W5kU-0NKloI/AAAAAAAAieo/hgQQM-x6d48mwmUfdisq_AMXMZVChNK8ACLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_4997.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-q3oSXExCrBw/W5kU-0NKloI/AAAAAAAAieo/hgQQM-x6d48mwmUfdisq_AMXMZVChNK8ACLcBGAs/s400/IMG_4997.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">It screws into the perforated receiver that communicates air to the inside.</span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RLHkyTyXypM/W5kT3ZkkBsI/AAAAAAAAid8/wjE8YVPUWLkWYa02mrLTKnyBu_5M-SWpACLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_5009.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-RLHkyTyXypM/W5kT3ZkkBsI/AAAAAAAAid8/wjE8YVPUWLkWYa02mrLTKnyBu_5M-SWpACLcBGAs/s400/IMG_5009.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Zwl4bHx2JGM/W5kVFLamddI/AAAAAAAAies/V_2J2oeT9ckp4LddfpyoNRF-YJwqhXz1ACLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_5001.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Zwl4bHx2JGM/W5kVFLamddI/AAAAAAAAies/V_2J2oeT9ckp4LddfpyoNRF-YJwqhXz1ACLcBGAs/s400/IMG_5001.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The band is neatly stitched at the rear, and another indicator of size is apparent.</span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-P5xN9gNyyYI/W5kVLMsr4wI/AAAAAAAAie0/MTRGdvXyhTIjLP241Dc5gMj3HIysiSkDwCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_5003.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-P5xN9gNyyYI/W5kVLMsr4wI/AAAAAAAAie0/MTRGdvXyhTIjLP241Dc5gMj3HIysiSkDwCLcBGAs/s400/IMG_5003.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Felt provides padding behind the band.</span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9vxCm9ylOsY/W5kVftNQAlI/AAAAAAAAifA/4LHohGkZh-soV_6j1vfhtNhGzGtWWiIWwCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_5006.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9vxCm9ylOsY/W5kVftNQAlI/AAAAAAAAifA/4LHohGkZh-soV_6j1vfhtNhGzGtWWiIWwCLcBGAs/s400/IMG_5006.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The headband and felt are attached to a metal band that is affixed with loops and cotter pins.</span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KVxq3L1Qii0/W5kV5AJAjkI/AAAAAAAAifQ/Un3MZf9FNnIu-fts5AwST0NykimotT58wCLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_5007.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-KVxq3L1Qii0/W5kV5AJAjkI/AAAAAAAAifQ/Un3MZf9FNnIu-fts5AwST0NykimotT58wCLcBGAs/s400/IMG_5007.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f8Xd-D77idU/W5kWAC-ziDI/AAAAAAAAifU/V06yDwXX7Bc6tPF1qtgTESvIk0qs4q8JACLcBGAs/s1600/IMG_5008.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1066" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-f8Xd-D77idU/W5kWAC-ziDI/AAAAAAAAifU/V06yDwXX7Bc6tPF1qtgTESvIk0qs4q8JACLcBGAs/s400/IMG_5008.JPG" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The rim of the helmet is edged with high quality leather identical to that of the chinstrap.</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">And finally, here are some photos of the m.40 in action.</span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mBpEDnJboz0/W5kS4Gtd43I/AAAAAAAAicc/tYPB-n-GMIInL2Zed2DveYmGpccYr-kxwCLcBGAs/s1600/german-soldiers-army-color-images-pictures-photos.MG-34-machine-gun.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1088" data-original-width="800" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mBpEDnJboz0/W5kS4Gtd43I/AAAAAAAAicc/tYPB-n-GMIInL2Zed2DveYmGpccYr-kxwCLcBGAs/s400/german-soldiers-army-color-images-pictures-photos.MG-34-machine-gun.jpg" width="293" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Here is the high-quality m.40 (right) contrasted with the cheaper, pressed felt m.42 (left).</span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nFWYYZ7KJc0/W5lCcUqou_I/AAAAAAAAig0/Jmu6jeunmO4ilNaeBhml0dj6-rPKekJ2ACLcBGAs/s1600/m42%2B3.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="574" data-original-width="500" height="400" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nFWYYZ7KJc0/W5lCcUqou_I/AAAAAAAAig0/Jmu6jeunmO4ilNaeBhml0dj6-rPKekJ2ACLcBGAs/s400/m42%2B3.jpg" width="347" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Note the counterintuitive Magen David on this Kraut's Christmas tree.</span></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lNrUUYza8U/W5lCaNl59TI/AAAAAAAAigI/GvZczkOdGS0CM5IdciWwBTnfbG1h6yIQwCLcBGAs/s1600/m.%2B40%2B13.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1390" data-original-width="947" height="400" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-6lNrUUYza8U/W5lCaNl59TI/AAAAAAAAigI/GvZczkOdGS0CM5IdciWwBTnfbG1h6yIQwCLcBGAs/s400/m.%2B40%2B13.jpg" width="271" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Two nice manufacturing process photos. Above, adhesive and duck being applied to the cork shell...</span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-l3zXtXnyqPA/W5lCYhtSt9I/AAAAAAAAif0/0b8JBa3lrVE19n8ZrJqk7p9TYtZrkTFuwCLcBGAs/s1600/m%2B40%2B7.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1390" data-original-width="941" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-l3zXtXnyqPA/W5lCYhtSt9I/AAAAAAAAif0/0b8JBa3lrVE19n8ZrJqk7p9TYtZrkTFuwCLcBGAs/s400/m%2B40%2B7.jpg" width="270" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">and the shields being applied to the finished product.</span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RoEAHmq3qxc/W5lCX-0CF-I/AAAAAAAAifo/-AwBdKw9ooEmF4E0SqkAKdpgbAM4mngowCLcBGAs/s1600/m%2B40%2B11.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="608" height="393" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RoEAHmq3qxc/W5lCX-0CF-I/AAAAAAAAifo/-AwBdKw9ooEmF4E0SqkAKdpgbAM4mngowCLcBGAs/s400/m%2B40%2B11.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Check out the despondent member of the master race at the lower right. It all looked so much more glorious on the recruiting poster, didn't it pal?</span></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IUYuB4dUAD0/W5lCYAb5VII/AAAAAAAAifs/bHNBS9QwcFYuXctS6LmhmKqZ1coc7GMyQCLcBGAs/s1600/m%2B40%2B15.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="250" data-original-width="180" height="400" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IUYuB4dUAD0/W5lCYAb5VII/AAAAAAAAifs/bHNBS9QwcFYuXctS6LmhmKqZ1coc7GMyQCLcBGAs/s400/m%2B40%2B15.jpg" width="288" /></span></a></div>
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<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">A heretofore unpublished photograph of Erwin Rommel - the "desert fox."</span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FS7hLeEVyhU/W5lCa-v1laI/AAAAAAAAigU/tWCfWmjaXkIPvaJJTi448kRkSRJ-1ztWgCLcBGAs/s1600/m.%2B40%2B10.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="529" data-original-width="800" height="263" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FS7hLeEVyhU/W5lCa-v1laI/AAAAAAAAigU/tWCfWmjaXkIPvaJJTi448kRkSRJ-1ztWgCLcBGAs/s400/m.%2B40%2B10.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-__sFQvvPnj4/W5vfNS0F5dI/AAAAAAAAimM/nTFYrW5RNkctdNcwdl-fmoKuP1p5abmoQCLcBGAs/s1600/05a_Clarence-Chapman-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="242" data-original-width="145" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-__sFQvvPnj4/W5vfNS0F5dI/AAAAAAAAimM/nTFYrW5RNkctdNcwdl-fmoKuP1p5abmoQCLcBGAs/s400/05a_Clarence-Chapman-1.jpg" width="239" /></span></a></div>
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<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Clarence M. "Chappie" Chapman</span></div>
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<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">US Army</span></div>
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<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">1943-45</span></div>
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<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">75th Infantry Division, service company, 290th Infantry</span></div>
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<span face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">France, Belgium, Holland, Germany. A participant in the "Battle of the Bulge" and a recipient of the Bronze Star and the Purple Heart.</span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span>Postscript, September 2022: not quite a year and a half ago, "Chappie's" wife Norma passed away. She was a great friend and </span>always enjoyed talking about her much-loved husband.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBS4g_3TB03ow4-pun_O9GEr1sY7oQag0XC960v5gVSq0iMYhFl3RxowahkQwiH4RfTy74gV5zwXS_nertkgFJJcHmrJ6A9_zNdADbWxIYPKoiO-VAx3FECUx7zW_18jyozk6gvOGO0C-gyvBfAb0DXCyO6tmzz36jZiIMJrRZMOvHpV8NL6PlSgDd/s571/Screen%20Shot%202022-09-10%20at%2010.46.17%20AM.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><img border="0" data-original-height="267" data-original-width="571" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBS4g_3TB03ow4-pun_O9GEr1sY7oQag0XC960v5gVSq0iMYhFl3RxowahkQwiH4RfTy74gV5zwXS_nertkgFJJcHmrJ6A9_zNdADbWxIYPKoiO-VAx3FECUx7zW_18jyozk6gvOGO0C-gyvBfAb0DXCyO6tmzz36jZiIMJrRZMOvHpV8NL6PlSgDd/w400-h188/Screen%20Shot%202022-09-10%20at%2010.46.17%20AM.jpg" width="400" /></span></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqwfMwoL2-ST_pVt7J3XMwWkzIWnL6YSzJkqb_DHcuou--rem8VaWY3iLaO9XbgvvjtBXpV6lARRdndWhy6b9E2tQqL5VACpW28H8pDGB62WrcvHHByL5QxAmHEkNs0O2nQ1zpGy--LdpNHLAHaU1gZJx-pysmv_ioxgQ4re_j78esiBLJHJYOPm4K/s500/photo_20210412_WM0172656_0_20210412.jpgx.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="360" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqwfMwoL2-ST_pVt7J3XMwWkzIWnL6YSzJkqb_DHcuou--rem8VaWY3iLaO9XbgvvjtBXpV6lARRdndWhy6b9E2tQqL5VACpW28H8pDGB62WrcvHHByL5QxAmHEkNs0O2nQ1zpGy--LdpNHLAHaU1gZJx-pysmv_ioxgQ4re_j78esiBLJHJYOPm4K/w288-h400/photo_20210412_WM0172656_0_20210412.jpgx.jpeg" width="288" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Norma was a tireless volunteer in our community, and was known as much for </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">her keen sense of humor as she was for her </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">compassion . I met Norma back in the early eighties when we were both volunteers at our Public Museum. We gave many tours together, and though I was considerably her junior, we became good friends. Norma had wonderful stories of a West Michigan when horse-drawn vehicles were still common on the Streets of her hometown, Sparta.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Truly, an exemplary member of "The Greatest Generation."</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">See you next time with another cool helmet from the collection.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Mannie</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><br /><span style="font-family: "arial";"><br /></span></div>
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<br />Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-11583655615958173362022-09-08T18:10:00.003-07:002022-09-09T10:39:59.224-07:00United States: M1 combat helmet of WWII<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">An American icon</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;">(disclaimer: There's a lot more that I <i>don't </i>know about M1 helmets, than I <i>do</i> know about M1 helmets.)</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQpWIQycBheY5_8WLvPLillqsLF4VjKgyuF4SSk1G4fo-NSybFbKsXpa9AEz5splwRfC4JYDewFloQIHs-g92bpN8Oy2OHU7iaB0b8EMrJUlwj58R0i3Eb9Nfqi6_amG0UtvFUC_sxDCT7NxILLXlvOS3SmROBUjaM7yXmxLYQ51APQz3yiFa8MmnT/s1000/Crossingtherhine.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="804" data-original-width="1000" height="321" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQpWIQycBheY5_8WLvPLillqsLF4VjKgyuF4SSk1G4fo-NSybFbKsXpa9AEz5splwRfC4JYDewFloQIHs-g92bpN8Oy2OHU7iaB0b8EMrJUlwj58R0i3Eb9Nfqi6_amG0UtvFUC_sxDCT7NxILLXlvOS3SmROBUjaM7yXmxLYQ51APQz3yiFa8MmnT/w400-h321/Crossingtherhine.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEimYOXAwcQtKGRWMDc1a0VOdBSDAfSxU9XdLUWsjCCyXIGFRLQsfH4oSOZR_x-6Xr8MC8fqx7VRE4V9hti_ji2qU1y8bcTlw-lsDBfvt0Mc99PcuN-ekEW67YkpaUlAPwxkJb7ZK318b2vOH-PrBkZlYlmOVJu6TY6sybpXD14pcEkN6-z4211cyobc=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="793" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEimYOXAwcQtKGRWMDc1a0VOdBSDAfSxU9XdLUWsjCCyXIGFRLQsfH4oSOZR_x-6Xr8MC8fqx7VRE4V9hti_ji2qU1y8bcTlw-lsDBfvt0Mc99PcuN-ekEW67YkpaUlAPwxkJb7ZK318b2vOH-PrBkZlYlmOVJu6TY6sybpXD14pcEkN6-z4211cyobc=w310-h400" width="310" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The US M1 helmet replaced the M1917A1 helmet that the United States was using at the very opening of the Second World War. The M1917A1 Had the same "wash-basin" profile of the WWI doughboy helmet, though with an improved liner. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXw1AUYXb2yYfrMaMLEaAP8xEwh73gaOe5eb3YOl3WI7mLe4eeeXJC5S0ntxc0xyO_m7j5WthnIwxxeCTgt9kCMk4yRA6oEhfKfujyf0ko6HL4m64hmtnF9_uRVBQHPW2l1yi55az-h46EGUKihATdAbsCEyN0aZ6sY40Zl5GuvEpYKJaBCtFD0yIY/s807/Screen%20Shot%202022-05-28%20at%203.38.20%20PM.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="536" data-original-width="807" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXw1AUYXb2yYfrMaMLEaAP8xEwh73gaOe5eb3YOl3WI7mLe4eeeXJC5S0ntxc0xyO_m7j5WthnIwxxeCTgt9kCMk4yRA6oEhfKfujyf0ko6HL4m64hmtnF9_uRVBQHPW2l1yi55az-h46EGUKihATdAbsCEyN0aZ6sY40Zl5GuvEpYKJaBCtFD0yIY/w400-h266/Screen%20Shot%202022-05-28%20at%203.38.20%20PM.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">These GIs are wearing the M1917A1 helmet, and from the mix of Springfield and Garand rifles, the photo was taken between 1936 and the opening months of 1942.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">I did a post on the M1917A1 that you can link to <a href="http://combathelmets.blogspot.com/2009/07/m1917-a1-every-dog-has-its-day.html">here</a>,</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The War Department started looking for a replacement soon after the First World War, and it took many years, and many experimental versions, to eventually develop the M1. Here's a short video I made about one of the experimental helmets that was tested as a possible replacement for the M1917A1:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5878VfI8HUg" width="320" youtube-src-id="5878VfI8HUg"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Here's the walk around or this American military icon:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhMaR4O4UANChVsBqRXlCbVU4RakzuFQdLGz_I1tRf5ffD7FdwzemkbQHHl2kWbVxKj_Bufew1l97Xkz7DwSWO2Dj3Xi7gGNhExOXn1DWAk7M0cNNcZrnIs5ocO8pEh07-o0xvIKv870sG4Np7Fkf5DZ_bGujA9KGXFseeR1d8Odu9HA3lE6ny3gcQW=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="847" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhMaR4O4UANChVsBqRXlCbVU4RakzuFQdLGz_I1tRf5ffD7FdwzemkbQHHl2kWbVxKj_Bufew1l97Xkz7DwSWO2Dj3Xi7gGNhExOXn1DWAk7M0cNNcZrnIs5ocO8pEh07-o0xvIKv870sG4Np7Fkf5DZ_bGujA9KGXFseeR1d8Odu9HA3lE6ny3gcQW=w331-h400" width="331" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgfBM7xl5tqCrH3ySzWRuadqJ7deR82-rkarbFSokCDWJgRjYw6tcrvuqyIgmk6Qqadh3mpJVOlfm0FiNI6GcBD6sclBKoioGAxVu6SMOJMSi6d7sS0qplXgW1H2knCWu2Y2y8XrqPOEq3kb9hLxThNXnMv_gFybcovgdQh9rHhXAXARIQPNvkMg5z0=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1001" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgfBM7xl5tqCrH3ySzWRuadqJ7deR82-rkarbFSokCDWJgRjYw6tcrvuqyIgmk6Qqadh3mpJVOlfm0FiNI6GcBD6sclBKoioGAxVu6SMOJMSi6d7sS0qplXgW1H2knCWu2Y2y8XrqPOEq3kb9hLxThNXnMv_gFybcovgdQh9rHhXAXARIQPNvkMg5z0=w391-h400" width="391" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="978" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjlLADdfa3DYhwTYsqVL9tgDonkn9uQSn69_j-vJEa90LZ077GW9vkjLyqM4vqj8D0F2VuV-B4oRcemIRNcWBBT1iLQxBVMJs0PXmiTNsmi7yQDNUA4qHDzSoh5uqgDILH7r1qBo-OsKFb18EPgq4pP6E57hnbhHxq4ph7rjC12-U7YJPnP60I8hOXk=w383-h400" width="383" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi5ebyGdj39XP-JfRSzKhKzq2au8q7DkNpXkJiBrPfSr82DlbjUU9l_R15S_WWY2hW8m6qElbg2Xof8h7QZZAML8xU2DhCwUKfGdP5oeyTUiz4crqu29Nw5FuB-ZPuG0-Lf1sduUOMUbhOeb2F4XN3yZHQGnz7O_KhWD5MeXfIvtczN-PH655MXlYeQ=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi5ebyGdj39XP-JfRSzKhKzq2au8q7DkNpXkJiBrPfSr82DlbjUU9l_R15S_WWY2hW8m6qElbg2Xof8h7QZZAML8xU2DhCwUKfGdP5oeyTUiz4crqu29Nw5FuB-ZPuG0-Lf1sduUOMUbhOeb2F4XN3yZHQGnz7O_KhWD5MeXfIvtczN-PH655MXlYeQ=w300-h400" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Note the textured surface. This was achieved by mixing ground cork into the paint, it provids a nice non-reflective finish. Also observe the join in the rim. Often referred to the seam. All M1s have this joinery either in the front of the helmet or the rear. If you have a "front-seam" helmet, you can be assured that it is from WWII. The seam moved to the rear of the shell sometime in late 1944 (Armold, 92), and that is where it remained until production ceased decades later. Accordingly, just because you have a rear-seam doesn't automatically identify it as a post-war helmet...so you can relax a little about other collectors pooh-poohing the pedigree of your helmet in a merely <i>reflexive</i> way.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjpG73qTr7kBbcVFTJCvzlAFcyt6J0VueW8nau8IBrpKhy5HBLDx4M4ZZUROu75-PIlX_bwD4ufH3HAqD1QNHbGBTYx-PCYdrCSJtZ3RvIoV3DZe0RPkTk1Ljiqdy3OnZnLEn_uX9B2_ihn6Pe7MLsf4I_y5iar5y_ESk2XS_m8wnoX6JUuykt9DbXh=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="895" data-original-width="1024" height="350" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjpG73qTr7kBbcVFTJCvzlAFcyt6J0VueW8nau8IBrpKhy5HBLDx4M4ZZUROu75-PIlX_bwD4ufH3HAqD1QNHbGBTYx-PCYdrCSJtZ3RvIoV3DZe0RPkTk1Ljiqdy3OnZnLEn_uX9B2_ihn6Pe7MLsf4I_y5iar5y_ESk2XS_m8wnoX6JUuykt9DbXh=w400-h350" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The flexible chinstrap loop, or bail, was introduced in November of 1943 (Giard, Blais, 8), prior to that the loops were fixed, and because they extended beyond the rim of the helmet they frequently broke when dropped or sat upon. It is worth noting that Chris Armold in his book Steel Pots, asserts that this change was made in October of '43 (Armold, 94).</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">In the center of the frame you can see the top-half of the upper-case "S" that is the. manufactures mark for the Schleuter company. The vast majority of M1 shells were manufactured by McCords, in 1943,to supplement the numbers, Schleuter was contracted to produce additional shells (Giard, Blais, 7).</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnRlHdCVTKhvMG3heaj1EafxCm0vsh5r_3Vd1myM-prg7G1KZ7YnlHYSq3uHbZ5sb0YdjRo_5jsZqjWUV-JUqXOJ-ix0Hx2TW1JJeCo146quqVO7itUKA79PEnD5QMm81ButJcDS8AmS4WuAW9AXpknbCPdzgSItquVYqDLkYX3gCg0nYr084IJ-PY/s1024/20220527_173506.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="913" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnRlHdCVTKhvMG3heaj1EafxCm0vsh5r_3Vd1myM-prg7G1KZ7YnlHYSq3uHbZ5sb0YdjRo_5jsZqjWUV-JUqXOJ-ix0Hx2TW1JJeCo146quqVO7itUKA79PEnD5QMm81ButJcDS8AmS4WuAW9AXpknbCPdzgSItquVYqDLkYX3gCg0nYr084IJ-PY/w356-h400/20220527_173506.jpg" width="356" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJMeV9IG_4ypLrvgrTGT-Us2Ps5X6rHWf1NA5Rt13rRDEwCEFeOmJhDtZc6xauuR0rUliGL5f2V1LJm7j3JkC0L4BUjlWuIMrnPgzQXgk1MdUM0lbemzSa1-PTB-KAEb_038jsNXvGAjGF5AV9R1oAbY95JRGWSBJ6gG-xVTF6yWjCljA1j9K4aVjS/s1024/20220526_200959.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJMeV9IG_4ypLrvgrTGT-Us2Ps5X6rHWf1NA5Rt13rRDEwCEFeOmJhDtZc6xauuR0rUliGL5f2V1LJm7j3JkC0L4BUjlWuIMrnPgzQXgk1MdUM0lbemzSa1-PTB-KAEb_038jsNXvGAjGF5AV9R1oAbY95JRGWSBJ6gG-xVTF6yWjCljA1j9K4aVjS/w400-h400/20220526_200959.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">This is the so-called "heat of the steel" marking. I don't really know what these indicate. Most believe that they can be used to determine the approximate month and year of manufacture of the shell - as a matter of fact there are published charts made by individuals purporting to provide this information. It is noteworthy that there is often conflicting information on these charts. Some collectors believe that these numbers provide only the most general dating information, while others assert that these numbers have nothing whatsoever to do with dating the shells. I make no claims, refutations, or arguments one way or the other, I'll leave that to those who know a lot more than I do. Even the esteemed Company of Military Historians opines:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><i style="font-family: arial; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Times;"><br /></span></i></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: Times;"><div class="page" title="Page 3"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><i><p>"...Beyond this, the stamp had little meaning to collectors or any effect on perceived value until the fall of 2007.</p><p>The tipping of the scale, from mundane to becoming a major consideration in determining the value of a given M-1 helmet, coincides with the publication of a “lot number chart” claiming to pinpoint the pressing of a McCord helmet body to within the specific month of the year it was fabricated.<span style="vertical-align: 5pt;">2 </span>Although the chart, in its description of use, claims only to approximate a date, and the book in which it was published provides no bibliographical support or explanation for how the author arrived at the charted timelines, a large section of the collecting community has adopted its findings as gospel.</p><p>Historians have always put forth hypotheses regarding the specifics of history, however doing so without providing the source for ones published conclusions creates conjecture and misunderstanding. </p></i></div></div></div></span></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-family: Times;">Perhaps one day actual pressing records will surface, but until such time each M-1 helmet collector/historian must answer for himself how to handle lot and lift numbers </span><span style="font-family: Times;">– </span><span style="font-family: Times;">as a divining rod or as a tool. " (1)</span></i></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i><span style="font-family: Times;"><br /></span></i></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span style="color: red;">As long as we are on the subject of veracity</span>, I have a pretty healthy bookshelf of helmet books. I find it a little disconcerting that out of all of these books only one cites sources and only a few provide a bibliography. Although some have reproductions of original documents, for the most part, the reader is left to simply take the author's word for it regarding all of the information in the book. What I find worrisome, is that without primary sources, citations, and bibliographies, this hobby may be resting on a foundation of conjecture and folklore rather than documented fact. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">A disclaimer to the foregoing - There are </span><i style="font-family: arial;">many</i><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> collector/authors who, in their published works follow the tenets of good historiography, and back up their assertions with cited sources; and you may have some of those works on your bookshelf.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">This is an issue that I've only recently been thinking about, and I think that it's important enough to mention here. Regular readers of this blog may note that beginning with this post, I am citing sources and providing a bibliography. I want to practice what I preach, and hopefully, be a better resource for beginning collectors - those whom I consider my primary audience.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">So please forgive my past lapses.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Now, a look at the chinstrap.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiP9SQFjHW5ZajCYO2a0SoOqtr6UNc8HVCHrJcMKassnuEmYQIzqXGT9Ukorhg_cq9Msc-f7HbDASRY2qnhUboUi8whnrf-z6EPsBYjk2A8uUFoXeGGanarhLHnHfJJAbPzTCN_WMJBW-DuHYryrWCkY-kRzDsAY88Y5fQkPm3iUStu6JziCrdl4rtH=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiP9SQFjHW5ZajCYO2a0SoOqtr6UNc8HVCHrJcMKassnuEmYQIzqXGT9Ukorhg_cq9Msc-f7HbDASRY2qnhUboUi8whnrf-z6EPsBYjk2A8uUFoXeGGanarhLHnHfJJAbPzTCN_WMJBW-DuHYryrWCkY-kRzDsAY88Y5fQkPm3iUStu6JziCrdl4rtH=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhxwo2lY8G9fF39m-OUJ1s-2Mb9QuZK7ZiJN7XGvlQlHWYH3ICXVSyw0994-ozqQ-tPn6ysHcrGp19FWTB8VSKESZF8SA0iOSCAN3huqEeZAhPtcviY0vHuzNZDn8euFlAb9-4qWPZBmX6ltNnlQ-3qKRush8iuH3nrwhPVL428Jp5ibyhhUj3trd5Y=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhxwo2lY8G9fF39m-OUJ1s-2Mb9QuZK7ZiJN7XGvlQlHWYH3ICXVSyw0994-ozqQ-tPn6ysHcrGp19FWTB8VSKESZF8SA0iOSCAN3huqEeZAhPtcviY0vHuzNZDn8euFlAb9-4qWPZBmX6ltNnlQ-3qKRush8iuH3nrwhPVL428Jp5ibyhhUj3trd5Y=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Like the "heat of the steel" numbers, the original hook-and-arrow. closure chinstrap has also generated a wealth of conjecture. One repeatedly hears that the reason that WWII GIs didn't usually fasten their chinstrap, was that they believed that any nearby explosion would cause their helmet to jerk back, thus breaking their neck and killing them. Here is what the US Army Medical Department has to say on the subject:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 24); color: #131518; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; text-align: start;"><i>"During the course of the North African campaigns in 1943, the rigid hook fastener of the chinstrap was found to be a source of potential danger by remaining intact under the impact of a blast wave resulting from a nearby detonation and thereby jerking the head sharply and violently with the production of fractures or dislocations of the cervical vertebras. Therefore, it was necessary to redesign the helmet strap with a ball-and-clevis release so that it would remain closed during normal combat activities but would allow for a quick voluntary release or automatic release at pressures considerably below the accepted level of danger. Following extensive tests by ordnance engineers, a new release device was developed which would release at a pull of 15 pounds or more. This device (fig. 308) was standardized in 1944." </i>(2)</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; caret-color: rgb(19, 21, 24); color: #131518; font-family: georgia; font-size: 16px; text-align: start;"><i><br /></i></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgbrQINs9NMGzhDSeZR8lxeJsYk16lbphXwhSDSXaUA2Kqn4RKEx6EoKEYxnoXJQ2LYuRmYUThaRJ0lBJ-GCCEmXKF5Zg8nSbD4vnhmWTbbMcGEJcb0N3FMJyu5StYmXSazqXQMfoZzd64G9HGqYRb7JG4evKa9wM5V5G_d6DzGAf_VU5MIPb5iX6-Z=s1024" style="background-color: white; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><i><img border="0" data-original-height="789" data-original-width="1024" height="309" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgbrQINs9NMGzhDSeZR8lxeJsYk16lbphXwhSDSXaUA2Kqn4RKEx6EoKEYxnoXJQ2LYuRmYUThaRJ0lBJ-GCCEmXKF5Zg8nSbD4vnhmWTbbMcGEJcb0N3FMJyu5StYmXSazqXQMfoZzd64G9HGqYRb7JG4evKa9wM5V5G_d6DzGAf_VU5MIPb5iX6-Z=w400-h309" width="400" /></i></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhVbUsxdXVDZYmmXW4xfzjLvm0N6-c03GpMrYRUx4FW5pwTkozJP3Wfea287TeFbmiDVs6Nos8yN_NgPkyBOUkT6-dnfLa0PhO46Mlxgb26doA3-8yKE_U59l_Ko1-sA-l7zI8L5iUJxMrHBbQlJUpALjFdifjk_GFuiIedPT55rtly4al9wZKFAney=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="984" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhVbUsxdXVDZYmmXW4xfzjLvm0N6-c03GpMrYRUx4FW5pwTkozJP3Wfea287TeFbmiDVs6Nos8yN_NgPkyBOUkT6-dnfLa0PhO46Mlxgb26doA3-8yKE_U59l_Ko1-sA-l7zI8L5iUJxMrHBbQlJUpALjFdifjk_GFuiIedPT55rtly4al9wZKFAney=w385-h400" width="385" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgVdjRjadcYKOSCnk2OLfAnEjbGkDASvtlwIWnX2z5q7s-1BVkiIMQ6Z3i5hKorN35kGIQ00C_RlJwECzf4h6EdwDWC2lfNssEf5ESy70hC9RPH5fkrjHMdeSc2jcvHe6YMHzkO__6fFjIesIx2xJ97lS1HGdyftGHsqtd9HvuxqVw7s2eyxSzsqf1C=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgVdjRjadcYKOSCnk2OLfAnEjbGkDASvtlwIWnX2z5q7s-1BVkiIMQ6Z3i5hKorN35kGIQ00C_RlJwECzf4h6EdwDWC2lfNssEf5ESy70hC9RPH5fkrjHMdeSc2jcvHe6YMHzkO__6fFjIesIx2xJ97lS1HGdyftGHsqtd9HvuxqVw7s2eyxSzsqf1C=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXJlmTNe87eOC37u41A0R0onNDBAeEtn0Yv00AhKUjfrHVC2kzVPVXPF0ZOpeaOGpPfrP_YS3T1_6ph3pzvuk9mdP5G0krKNNmGLczcEpRBpAfY5wviSq6gJBvJLKma593pqbhRpiKpv11YzWoiZYKEIZhHamyCe6supg_UURmOUg9RMbzzFpyPMpa=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="959" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhXJlmTNe87eOC37u41A0R0onNDBAeEtn0Yv00AhKUjfrHVC2kzVPVXPF0ZOpeaOGpPfrP_YS3T1_6ph3pzvuk9mdP5G0krKNNmGLczcEpRBpAfY5wviSq6gJBvJLKma593pqbhRpiKpv11YzWoiZYKEIZhHamyCe6supg_UURmOUg9RMbzzFpyPMpa=w375-h400" width="375" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQg0cVZIO0tSxBITGJcVzolp6ZqZ301fxOBPtWodHBVE4UsBlr-PXUB9cr55RZt7uqXTbWf2UoY3_fQ1bgh13UUEa3p4_V47kKAVL0iifGrbOUjNcIPj-mR4yez-tZEfhfcXv5O8ahJmCiwPxe7xeJQfVDctNMB6U1aJ4rhCu0nqwGPuu-NB5fu9AY/s1024/helmet%20and%20liner.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="921" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQg0cVZIO0tSxBITGJcVzolp6ZqZ301fxOBPtWodHBVE4UsBlr-PXUB9cr55RZt7uqXTbWf2UoY3_fQ1bgh13UUEa3p4_V47kKAVL0iifGrbOUjNcIPj-mR4yez-tZEfhfcXv5O8ahJmCiwPxe7xeJQfVDctNMB6U1aJ4rhCu0nqwGPuu-NB5fu9AY/w360-h400/helmet%20and%20liner.jpg" width="360" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">That the two components could be separated was a masterful piece of design; it allowed the soldier to still have lightweight headgear of military appearance, and it freed-up the steel helmet shell to serve a myriad of other purposes, including...</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigzzn9znTpbND_wlMhktmqXGjZHrQ5KNz_8Ap6vrzyZm56LADKOFnIpl_O6hk5dkyWDLxWdV5z3e0JSJpOAuGVyEqK5dhRC9TyzF_YmEFW_aJkxOS4hi8oehzKamztMfKHjQD9zeGrFas_JRcDixWdOI3gWH3GvtHGJUY_sWgJI97pyyAy8SQKsq1f/s3600/2011.065.943_1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2774" data-original-width="3600" height="309" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigzzn9znTpbND_wlMhktmqXGjZHrQ5KNz_8Ap6vrzyZm56LADKOFnIpl_O6hk5dkyWDLxWdV5z3e0JSJpOAuGVyEqK5dhRC9TyzF_YmEFW_aJkxOS4hi8oehzKamztMfKHjQD9zeGrFas_JRcDixWdOI3gWH3GvtHGJUY_sWgJI97pyyAy8SQKsq1f/w400-h309/2011.065.943_1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">as a shovel for excavating foxholes...</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGDUWgtvycXpA2s7U97izkHJMmFdCcsMBzGSGAewwFBZ9nMapXtI3gHlOLSAf7dg9qjnVq1JMeg57QhwWmwbSVOD5DsehTBLwBuG2SouAXQqOhDHCI9Z-5LwoxUVMT1HWLDyuzNTQCcILrI2bI0xQPe1njljqWm6CW8DK0v4xX2LHo4ZeXuJi7Ucp4/s800/2017-262.tif.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="580" data-original-width="800" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGDUWgtvycXpA2s7U97izkHJMmFdCcsMBzGSGAewwFBZ9nMapXtI3gHlOLSAf7dg9qjnVq1JMeg57QhwWmwbSVOD5DsehTBLwBuG2SouAXQqOhDHCI9Z-5LwoxUVMT1HWLDyuzNTQCcILrI2bI0xQPe1njljqWm6CW8DK0v4xX2LHo4ZeXuJi7Ucp4/w400-h290/2017-262.tif.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">a pot for cooking rations...</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNJ0WoKrQh9A7st4DzrY8zvLXPK05FU8RWQHh88s4chYa3mGTKvYIWGJegQK6my4X5vdWCKQzfM5GWQOouBa9BxrYVi1aLLmABDZtQrShbRoVVqkMZC7_RVA2r2eXuRk_hMW4O2028aqWVNy8oyY1TwesebA46yHyhZpjI0dvlta3qmC3S98OCGcF7/s913/384984a055d772c3d55942ccd2a88e5e.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="913" data-original-width="682" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNJ0WoKrQh9A7st4DzrY8zvLXPK05FU8RWQHh88s4chYa3mGTKvYIWGJegQK6my4X5vdWCKQzfM5GWQOouBa9BxrYVi1aLLmABDZtQrShbRoVVqkMZC7_RVA2r2eXuRk_hMW4O2028aqWVNy8oyY1TwesebA46yHyhZpjI0dvlta3qmC3S98OCGcF7/w299-h400/384984a055d772c3d55942ccd2a88e5e.jpg" width="299" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">a shaving sink...</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYZvlYIr1mgP1xavBB_gmhBUXCjdJTProkenXkoUMlwwUfJEZNic3vhhYeGPoOvImr34jgQuG-dItDTOLO5YJtXPanxMj18w2jAPHXBHa_ABejwc9Do9BuOpQoTGB2bw9-8o-AfnplVu-wIbT-zAjPAXx5bOV52dBkP7Cm7uDTu77PMxK2UYK8Kt-X/s612/gettyimages-2639246-612x612.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="612" data-original-width="478" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYZvlYIr1mgP1xavBB_gmhBUXCjdJTProkenXkoUMlwwUfJEZNic3vhhYeGPoOvImr34jgQuG-dItDTOLO5YJtXPanxMj18w2jAPHXBHa_ABejwc9Do9BuOpQoTGB2bw9-8o-AfnplVu-wIbT-zAjPAXx5bOV52dBkP7Cm7uDTu77PMxK2UYK8Kt-X/w313-h400/gettyimages-2639246-612x612.jpg" width="313" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">a foot bath...</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp5pDdlsEKcmFlyWtrjZ1FsDQOyZTeI2bNOSSgaREi_j8UB3i6NKuf657G_SWe3cE9w9tDMaoMzNwqfKuBBmSwTEdD2BFTrB9XnLu7B3m-ML7bYgVID13U89D9VCqwQ26Y_f-tt8p9tfE4C32sQZvJxYEhYDRbjgddkMlhdGr70C3P4bPXqXrHPBVN/s1055/World-War-II-soldier-using-steel-helmet-to-hold-water-and-to-bathe-Earlier-beliefs-that.ppm.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1055" data-original-width="850" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp5pDdlsEKcmFlyWtrjZ1FsDQOyZTeI2bNOSSgaREi_j8UB3i6NKuf657G_SWe3cE9w9tDMaoMzNwqfKuBBmSwTEdD2BFTrB9XnLu7B3m-ML7bYgVID13U89D9VCqwQ26Y_f-tt8p9tfE4C32sQZvJxYEhYDRbjgddkMlhdGr70C3P4bPXqXrHPBVN/w323-h400/World-War-II-soldier-using-steel-helmet-to-hold-water-and-to-bathe-Earlier-beliefs-that.ppm.png" width="323" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">a wash-up before lunch.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The liner was also used as a stand-alone piece of lightweight and military headgear, which was particularly nice in hot weather, especially in rear areas.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Here's an Army captain using his liner as a military hat, note the painted captain's insignia.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivQaVh55G1wHb9iJmS6EuRrzJq5z__m3ySTN5Xj3CQKcVOAmYKF_aDQjugWVjckdKFY0ILWZa2Z4sHim72vU-EXmpsED9sHcFQDeer9eqaSu7gvsy8nKtIsqImJwWLWLosX7kknP8npJsrc9Pt0EGqNkYtKzRUrUdSmsNSUqNzQxWBf1HgZ0wkK1j1/s842/liner.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="769" data-original-width="842" height="365" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivQaVh55G1wHb9iJmS6EuRrzJq5z__m3ySTN5Xj3CQKcVOAmYKF_aDQjugWVjckdKFY0ILWZa2Z4sHim72vU-EXmpsED9sHcFQDeer9eqaSu7gvsy8nKtIsqImJwWLWLosX7kknP8npJsrc9Pt0EGqNkYtKzRUrUdSmsNSUqNzQxWBf1HgZ0wkK1j1/w400-h365/liner.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Even celebrities got in on the act - </span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivx38EQXVn4TaNQDmnHD8hA5bZlbbSSGmyqbv3VO21z4HCcO8WUZZKCLljFzDwK51h9j1jyRNEeNB2RTKeiYxW5_bWkSJo_vZuHo1wVIClI0kjc_in-kSeBAwWtqldE9E3pKmfg12tGaQ0U7nnTscKVHS6dwB2AqBJVUduTYuqdyysx2qUSPbIJp4G/s683/187776497_4248407761893106_7579101321110815815_n.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="683" data-original-width="540" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivx38EQXVn4TaNQDmnHD8hA5bZlbbSSGmyqbv3VO21z4HCcO8WUZZKCLljFzDwK51h9j1jyRNEeNB2RTKeiYxW5_bWkSJo_vZuHo1wVIClI0kjc_in-kSeBAwWtqldE9E3pKmfg12tGaQ0U7nnTscKVHS6dwB2AqBJVUduTYuqdyysx2qUSPbIJp4G/w316-h400/187776497_4248407761893106_7579101321110815815_n.jpg" width="316" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Here's one other than Elvis Presley photographed in his Army days; staying a cool cat in his lightweight liner.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiqTXCsE39RZ3r-s0h8aixWJ_ZGj34LgmDpoAkCpk2i_6S-f-jWL-hyMl0ummO6N3_2OPHKcti-u-LV7nz5m6NgfLzLtgGN0LOSRhwcHoHhN025kEb8bEEwAPGtdmquDJvQ7xo33XaANRimBLA2n3FyS9j8oUvzJRE9TTxpfgyfgBEaJ7Z5XbsMUGWJ=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="979" data-original-width="1024" height="383" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiqTXCsE39RZ3r-s0h8aixWJ_ZGj34LgmDpoAkCpk2i_6S-f-jWL-hyMl0ummO6N3_2OPHKcti-u-LV7nz5m6NgfLzLtgGN0LOSRhwcHoHhN025kEb8bEEwAPGtdmquDJvQ7xo33XaANRimBLA2n3FyS9j8oUvzJRE9TTxpfgyfgBEaJ7Z5XbsMUGWJ=w400-h383" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjxOqjgSEUzu9kEMzdQYVRnS9g6zJT8pL5jTg66q1b-4PmrOjgKxTcMW0NqlRwzo8BhpwguoaU7AACaqrv6pSj1W9EqU3XKY1gs5j0qcPRRWX8FlisW_46NP0b4V4ZMszwtEVJ3deNyswUAh1q3R9GyTg-TlWfWFxw5TNDyU3YT6CSNOdqrlpYGHavb=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="859" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjxOqjgSEUzu9kEMzdQYVRnS9g6zJT8pL5jTg66q1b-4PmrOjgKxTcMW0NqlRwzo8BhpwguoaU7AACaqrv6pSj1W9EqU3XKY1gs5j0qcPRRWX8FlisW_46NP0b4V4ZMszwtEVJ3deNyswUAh1q3R9GyTg-TlWfWFxw5TNDyU3YT6CSNOdqrlpYGHavb=w335-h400" width="335" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIodTTbbnjEuf9dtlqVr5eIK3fd3BNlZ-Wdftn5s6navW7nAafYDVn601pLq7sAzebZevN9HfWZNLazD-boEdRb4Vz_syRf89nfVdFhT89iHOIkapdeKMNOebUjyqIPJfT1TRj7K7szuyGgnpkelzGkDgzVvuYPuvrqorSF17-k8iZGO_GKKydS5KY/s1024/doron.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1024" height="351" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIodTTbbnjEuf9dtlqVr5eIK3fd3BNlZ-Wdftn5s6navW7nAafYDVn601pLq7sAzebZevN9HfWZNLazD-boEdRb4Vz_syRf89nfVdFhT89iHOIkapdeKMNOebUjyqIPJfT1TRj7K7szuyGgnpkelzGkDgzVvuYPuvrqorSF17-k8iZGO_GKKydS5KY/w400-h351/doron.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">This broken Westinghouse liner provides a good opportunity to view its construction; what Chris Armold identifies as duckcloth and resin (Armold 108). </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Note the stud for the leather chinstrap.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh_01t3-nf7qXQYAlEtbi3oXJrX4wAz0caBI3JxvXXC95u594q-V4EzmaLTVa_pAvqXmOMUv1wk4Cc9JR0xt_dop-wsbfKfp93th9Fq_U86nRtH50OkRZOEd2heouDq72m4BYw9tjcHDxKm1HH2Vx6P-mjvQEO-a7b675VIyDIqv2j4Ra5034azySks=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="929" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh_01t3-nf7qXQYAlEtbi3oXJrX4wAz0caBI3JxvXXC95u594q-V4EzmaLTVa_pAvqXmOMUv1wk4Cc9JR0xt_dop-wsbfKfp93th9Fq_U86nRtH50OkRZOEd2heouDq72m4BYw9tjcHDxKm1HH2Vx6P-mjvQEO-a7b675VIyDIqv2j4Ra5034azySks=w363-h400" width="363" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The grommet in the front of the liner may have been for mounting insignia, a widely-held belief, which I've no reason to doubt. (If any reader has a photo of an insignia being deployed in this grommet, kindly send it to me so I can update this entry.)</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhKQnJrWXJ8nQqg8B1qWFz68EYLmJB45zYduBa4K_ddV4zsFnyJHIm10aONj5YsZcBref6tO0G4owBm4869cdfn3nodUf72dCNRBVOVX5A_VIQss8hP7U1mnNAQETzLMI6IctxUHy_mBTBczRXV2My48EcnNgjzWs3T94QEftdhuqCm-dSsRoTrPIbC=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1014" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhKQnJrWXJ8nQqg8B1qWFz68EYLmJB45zYduBa4K_ddV4zsFnyJHIm10aONj5YsZcBref6tO0G4owBm4869cdfn3nodUf72dCNRBVOVX5A_VIQss8hP7U1mnNAQETzLMI6IctxUHy_mBTBczRXV2My48EcnNgjzWs3T94QEftdhuqCm-dSsRoTrPIbC=w396-h400" width="396" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgdda8FIjERx17U9twnmESjYOdN2TDGyc8kERtXytZtN7trluslbKDc3M3lh1NplnBEGFzQnxZ9ffJQ36wM-gxBOOlzQzJheT4Opr2GnzM1NiLrQFU5M9S1yeQvu6TNe6tqrsCxa8rVwSuLuxLOalzVvhgX3uUPQxCRq2gH7XmmXJMajMVF_93v5xvk=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="880" data-original-width="1024" height="344" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgdda8FIjERx17U9twnmESjYOdN2TDGyc8kERtXytZtN7trluslbKDc3M3lh1NplnBEGFzQnxZ9ffJQ36wM-gxBOOlzQzJheT4Opr2GnzM1NiLrQFU5M9S1yeQvu6TNe6tqrsCxa8rVwSuLuxLOalzVvhgX3uUPQxCRq2gH7XmmXJMajMVF_93v5xvk=w400-h344" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgklkWZoGxmKBaohL2sK4vHP6qElDB9_kQNU1okXrfXmEUdV2LdmbgjRyQj58XmOwqLVyhUpxKzi40ekS_EofsMYATlqJyoxTZ8kvh3KbISnXxAzYzXQhcskhKdKKp7AorB-Wyvj3O057JTk0sj1bcxc_hgHvQmGiaDAX1kO4NbR1J8pRmunOfFtXr5=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="998" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgklkWZoGxmKBaohL2sK4vHP6qElDB9_kQNU1okXrfXmEUdV2LdmbgjRyQj58XmOwqLVyhUpxKzi40ekS_EofsMYATlqJyoxTZ8kvh3KbISnXxAzYzXQhcskhKdKKp7AorB-Wyvj3O057JTk0sj1bcxc_hgHvQmGiaDAX1kO4NbR1J8pRmunOfFtXr5=w390-h400" width="390" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh5UE1LE7N7L-89xK84Sj0SexNikXiHdbVxuuO5--omCOW1A0cQ45dcKLRuiXAjifzkzn0FEbnzxb0ygOjgWB-JFhCwkTI0BwU_PpSs6GNyLvSSMGVNr3CWNTNsr8fJYwsNiOfzE_g3LSlB8XIO5_XkOVQ1UE4zY_cBW-FfOXu6WgPb03pjjHBxENvR=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh5UE1LE7N7L-89xK84Sj0SexNikXiHdbVxuuO5--omCOW1A0cQ45dcKLRuiXAjifzkzn0FEbnzxb0ygOjgWB-JFhCwkTI0BwU_PpSs6GNyLvSSMGVNr3CWNTNsr8fJYwsNiOfzE_g3LSlB8XIO5_XkOVQ1UE4zY_cBW-FfOXu6WgPb03pjjHBxENvR=w300-h400" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">"A" washers" are another component that soldiered-throughout the variants of the suspension over the years.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi96la4Zd3X89R_fbIirJYuIng8-49Gysyld7VFA3UF6X9cVh4K5BXX5ELkz_3ucUHk8F6m7FY7tl8IXZhRpjP3SnOOeP9E5763Rs5Un2EjELuqWUSJgM6bU4q-Y6EvWBYjqNw9Dk6iXvWoRhpBNcyhCP_p-vGyDCzPhyfa4kZ0WfHGYldbwgUFRjMj=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi96la4Zd3X89R_fbIirJYuIng8-49Gysyld7VFA3UF6X9cVh4K5BXX5ELkz_3ucUHk8F6m7FY7tl8IXZhRpjP3SnOOeP9E5763Rs5Un2EjELuqWUSJgM6bU4q-Y6EvWBYjqNw9Dk6iXvWoRhpBNcyhCP_p-vGyDCzPhyfa4kZ0WfHGYldbwgUFRjMj=w300-h400" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Hallmark of the Riddell liner system are these web tapes in the crown of the liner that form the suspension.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgo-hTHspLYesBQ3vqYVvSGt1CrRtC4B6tBc9-VjpUJhTwLf9Lq5NIEwrbJhECYRPqngZtVGIJbIQ3xqYZCk76cnQOS5aZoaEaaZMscmB2N8tj-dAUjfbZe1Q_lpE-4mgVrpeyIjsCcwEZzMzLtuhGnBFosHXcT2GEHfreBgTDStlxsDTGlQpZgLy_g=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgo-hTHspLYesBQ3vqYVvSGt1CrRtC4B6tBc9-VjpUJhTwLf9Lq5NIEwrbJhECYRPqngZtVGIJbIQ3xqYZCk76cnQOS5aZoaEaaZMscmB2N8tj-dAUjfbZe1Q_lpE-4mgVrpeyIjsCcwEZzMzLtuhGnBFosHXcT2GEHfreBgTDStlxsDTGlQpZgLy_g=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">A sliding-buckle at the rear of the headband provides adjustment for a snug fit.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiyVWziLuVuJBC2oqMJLMBJIhHLIwo6n5wbCEXgVISmX_V417B3Om_CppZ0za9qxWgusjaFZ1zExlZ45dx4kXTWuhMa14mBBlvSn8NnBBab5ZdpXvI55MuQSVJ4-SXaJuMBcLNh8J4_I2XueFJhB4lscwyvILGWroArwYNNhSd9L8F7CZXVIa4frjl_=s394" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="294" data-original-width="394" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiyVWziLuVuJBC2oqMJLMBJIhHLIwo6n5wbCEXgVISmX_V417B3Om_CppZ0za9qxWgusjaFZ1zExlZ45dx4kXTWuhMa14mBBlvSn8NnBBab5ZdpXvI55MuQSVJ4-SXaJuMBcLNh8J4_I2XueFJhB4lscwyvILGWroArwYNNhSd9L8F7CZXVIa4frjl_=w400-h299" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Many of the liner components have manufacturers marks. Here, the headband was made by Gem-Dandy Inc. They are still in business (https://www.gem-dandy.com) and manufacture belts and such, yet another example of switching from civilian to war-time production, and then back again.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhNV-tau6kHLExWEetGn-hf3WqVJap3z1DM_-KCJ2Q9l9ETWRg5WrmvFHo-BcaTyO8LzBGullYpEG2Na1LwSctopNfgRzRow4Jz0lVnxL231uTHClY9Wsayo_IrXPdJrsVTPQbLeKZu_K3sFvidYNZTjBkodS6PGfaObI_-U-GpVzXOmQcsXef20tlU=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhNV-tau6kHLExWEetGn-hf3WqVJap3z1DM_-KCJ2Q9l9ETWRg5WrmvFHo-BcaTyO8LzBGullYpEG2Na1LwSctopNfgRzRow4Jz0lVnxL231uTHClY9Wsayo_IrXPdJrsVTPQbLeKZu_K3sFvidYNZTjBkodS6PGfaObI_-U-GpVzXOmQcsXef20tlU=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">the nape band, neck band, or neck strap (I've seen all of the three terms used) was made by E.M.C. Finding and researching markings like these is much of the fun of collecting.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhAGMxh-nBrlo-Br8hqmZ47pWGPMALfwXnJE100EDmH5-LqTUvPUoksSz7_3GRn7Be7rCf3W5B4F4j-woCoK4O8QAd2oX3cIEM7bcpgrlkjT2sjp3-jW8iofCeWep25-SMV2RyTxsCIiO6F4J_3hu-OzFn90-_8ivYzIO00Lxc22D_QL3kNnX9iuXjF=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhAGMxh-nBrlo-Br8hqmZ47pWGPMALfwXnJE100EDmH5-LqTUvPUoksSz7_3GRn7Be7rCf3W5B4F4j-woCoK4O8QAd2oX3cIEM7bcpgrlkjT2sjp3-jW8iofCeWep25-SMV2RyTxsCIiO6F4J_3hu-OzFn90-_8ivYzIO00Lxc22D_QL3kNnX9iuXjF=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">These clips affix the headband to the suspension and appeared throughout the lifetime of all M1 liner variations, and they are also present in nearly every M1 clone used by other countries. It is generally accepted that these clips, whether in green or black, can help determine the phase of the war in which the liner was produced, some asserting that the change from black to green began in 1943 (Reynosa, 51).</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj6xTgKX9hWvrApqKVDtxbFq9w5IXeAlne-npxBgpr0nFWPlV-xv9BQd107L-AKRTb1U146jKvAKy_gun0qjPUkNcEsh61kvTV_91hVCg2bbwojAROSJAWzgkP0T-8s2Cowof0ENU3SalE4Ks-WRTpeZd7zWeOWA4ADtnRk6hx4upaQmvDJDHmvWz9I=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="904" data-original-width="1024" height="354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj6xTgKX9hWvrApqKVDtxbFq9w5IXeAlne-npxBgpr0nFWPlV-xv9BQd107L-AKRTb1U146jKvAKy_gun0qjPUkNcEsh61kvTV_91hVCg2bbwojAROSJAWzgkP0T-8s2Cowof0ENU3SalE4Ks-WRTpeZd7zWeOWA4ADtnRk6hx4upaQmvDJDHmvWz9I=w400-h354" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The "W" in the inside dome, indicates that the liner was manufactured by Westinghouse. This is a far-cry from home appliances, and is a reminder that nearly the entire manufacturing base of America was. switched over to war time production.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi_Ke3n8_rWWsCKr4mGzVWjzKlqfTgfMOY8KZtGbHJ7ZOC60dmwE56yJs3ub3d-_7yvTT-QW601QAaI89mLOI27hTtF0R25O-KzEH_yVg1mIYtUzKc9VUv5n-gmtMBMMXItIfNEp2eBx4kEE9iFP6SbhunIyCSBDxPOXs3rIo-uyECMu7x6EGoi4NYx=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi_Ke3n8_rWWsCKr4mGzVWjzKlqfTgfMOY8KZtGbHJ7ZOC60dmwE56yJs3ub3d-_7yvTT-QW601QAaI89mLOI27hTtF0R25O-KzEH_yVg1mIYtUzKc9VUv5n-gmtMBMMXItIfNEp2eBx4kEE9iFP6SbhunIyCSBDxPOXs3rIo-uyECMu7x6EGoi4NYx=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The "H" stands for Hagerstown MD, which is just ten miles down the road from me. I sometimes have a fantasy that I'll go to the antique mall and find a whole box of these that some former worker had in her attic. Wouldn't that be swell? I don't know where in town this manufacturing facility was located, nonetheless, it was a nice surprise to find this local connection.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgQ2y4DO8rOTRyYRmjU3kMhPgWWVqVSZ7W13vU4-YIRHi_ZybPhfXXMtw5Em8FE82kRNJbC88QMICmF30CxUkNwhbge9gopafhjsQfyyBzWlOxZYLPTfFJgDLfEuNzY_HRRjFz8kYJYIKTQgAoIFTtdM7usylyodEofyKScNoBlbhnGuZfU0G7rHkM9=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgQ2y4DO8rOTRyYRmjU3kMhPgWWVqVSZ7W13vU4-YIRHi_ZybPhfXXMtw5Em8FE82kRNJbC88QMICmF30CxUkNwhbge9gopafhjsQfyyBzWlOxZYLPTfFJgDLfEuNzY_HRRjFz8kYJYIKTQgAoIFTtdM7usylyodEofyKScNoBlbhnGuZfU0G7rHkM9=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Two garter fasteners affix the leather chinstrap to the liner. Sometime in the 1950s, this strap, and corresponding mounting studs, disappeared. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Here's an interesting note (interesting to me, at any rate): later in the war, that little dimple in the stud disappeared, which can help you identify the rough production-era of the helmet. Details like that are a tricky thing that many collectors get hung on, and they try to specifically date a helmet/liner by its constituent components. That's kind of a trap, as all of those individual components were used until the supply was exhausted. For example, I was in the US Navy from 1970-'74. Although it was the Vietnam-era, most of the helmets/liners onboard were WWII production...we even had a couple of Hawley liners kicking around. Similarly, one hears collectors decrying that a front-seam helmet has a late-war liner...well sure, liners wear out, the suspension breaks or rots, rivets come loose, so a GI finds a better liner and slips it in the shell, or the helmet gets reconditioned at a rear-echelon depot...is it still a legitimate WWII helmet?...absolutely. Don't worry too much about that stuff.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg5c9jUQbACceNmhAXN8qDU6IuUNA0yy08QnJlrONfJ-lCaJHW66Oohi-9WdV_v6Dnpoa9RisfEMvpZ4MzXMJfuQ1qrAUneGW0uj8CdPj7lxV56I5zBpm0kWRCj7dxFqguzu4pRYtPKJnwLFVbrKpgg3zZLpY_9UJp1ys91ojIB7TTEly1mU-Doxz2Q=s1024" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg5c9jUQbACceNmhAXN8qDU6IuUNA0yy08QnJlrONfJ-lCaJHW66Oohi-9WdV_v6Dnpoa9RisfEMvpZ4MzXMJfuQ1qrAUneGW0uj8CdPj7lxV56I5zBpm0kWRCj7dxFqguzu4pRYtPKJnwLFVbrKpgg3zZLpY_9UJp1ys91ojIB7TTEly1mU-Doxz2Q=w400-h300" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">When I got the helmet the strap was broken, as they often are. I repaired it using archival adhesive and a small piece of acid-free Bristol board paper. I've used this technique before, it works very well, it doesn't show, and it is reversible.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">As soldier cartoonist, Bill Mauldin reminds us...</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0Rkepb47wUZmi-3l-ra1Kb_aElEyb23XbRtRWH5uiRvAHul8aHrD9UiNDr0VXW1IfQnYFVeehNdpwsVAYDvujnLueXWC8o2Wje0RghWIWFLCVpNzdbLi7Ef9UF605-XomtHGiNMRjd9mxYE9y9v3d2VjWfbMNa6tzJtYRjFD4wzPOS68DfCIRbHX3/s892/WJ03.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="892" data-original-width="700" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0Rkepb47wUZmi-3l-ra1Kb_aElEyb23XbRtRWH5uiRvAHul8aHrD9UiNDr0VXW1IfQnYFVeehNdpwsVAYDvujnLueXWC8o2Wje0RghWIWFLCVpNzdbLi7Ef9UF605-XomtHGiNMRjd9mxYE9y9v3d2VjWfbMNa6tzJtYRjFD4wzPOS68DfCIRbHX3/w314-h400/WJ03.jpg" width="314" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">the venerable M1 helmet was not bulletproof.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium; text-align: center;">The M1 helmet saw service in three major wars and any number of incursions, interventions, police actions, and invasions. It soldiered on from 1942 until the mid 1980s with the Army, and even longer with the Navy. It wasn't a perfect helmet, but it was a very good helmet...maybe even an excellent helmet.</span><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEjblQLkjhQNG1o400JjDk_8qfCnr_BQi1jtRgMdGLmEad10L1MKJqI7uamjcyaMpOtPl6hNsCcym6afrbYxRWT8anGreT8-Vod_SyIWKUhwL7SxHK1074AfFDg-NFIl1--pM3OMqQnikFwZ2SO5MFhD_4AXWSOo55G6acfb0CvldbJ676vFOsazBC/s800/Choclate-Soldiers-from-the-USA-Still-pr.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="530" data-original-width="800" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEjblQLkjhQNG1o400JjDk_8qfCnr_BQi1jtRgMdGLmEad10L1MKJqI7uamjcyaMpOtPl6hNsCcym6afrbYxRWT8anGreT8-Vod_SyIWKUhwL7SxHK1074AfFDg-NFIl1--pM3OMqQnikFwZ2SO5MFhD_4AXWSOo55G6acfb0CvldbJ676vFOsazBC/w400-h265/Choclate-Soldiers-from-the-USA-Still-pr.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;">Following WWII, millions of surplus M1s were given or sold to foreign countries who allied themselves with the West. Eventually, many countries developed their own "clone" M1 helmets, nearly identical to that of the United States M1. Eventually, I hope to be doing a post, and perhaps a video, covering the "Euroclone" helmets.</span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;">Below is just a sampling of the many countries that adopted the M1-style helmet:</span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;"><br /></span></span></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_HVBUFLZ0nc9hFWrjM9XKWxYjgIS_TZUzJpSW-wzO6cge5bJGKK10NMJgidp_HzFSzLj0XHKilYBl0gNmWW3M28ZlKRc58C9FPDJYU_vJhrYhTA0ToAIw2714pLpdq7IXd3366imjw43on-6_T3ZIiqb8JxmWMknfxnmqpoEczab4Wclz5hNzwT0G/s784/belguim%20japan.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="381" data-original-width="784" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_HVBUFLZ0nc9hFWrjM9XKWxYjgIS_TZUzJpSW-wzO6cge5bJGKK10NMJgidp_HzFSzLj0XHKilYBl0gNmWW3M28ZlKRc58C9FPDJYU_vJhrYhTA0ToAIw2714pLpdq7IXd3366imjw43on-6_T3ZIiqb8JxmWMknfxnmqpoEczab4Wclz5hNzwT0G/w400-h195/belguim%20japan.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Belgium, Japan</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKtdXvYFCv43gkEjVs3qaQ-DE8CMO-TDIh1nxj_dbp3p5xHsfj7Dadn_rytpXtinv0BOtviOBkjHoIQPYXK77eF16piFrWGkZraMawGVXvO_UhtTH0mkDOuWSH1V_31BxrMzmHR2mC7bv4i9YyCtdmaOho_PUKQJYiB1ibKpQL2L1hL5pJB3h0pC--/s799/australia.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="799" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKtdXvYFCv43gkEjVs3qaQ-DE8CMO-TDIh1nxj_dbp3p5xHsfj7Dadn_rytpXtinv0BOtviOBkjHoIQPYXK77eF16piFrWGkZraMawGVXvO_UhtTH0mkDOuWSH1V_31BxrMzmHR2mC7bv4i9YyCtdmaOho_PUKQJYiB1ibKpQL2L1hL5pJB3h0pC--/w400-h266/australia.jpeg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Australia</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpXilewlOxEgg_jlHlcLINlHyzH50X_9Htk8HODLICgSguA4-xeFLrgM3hljs2ekTZjRsp1aF92XH9FSnQOKP7zewQCBE4E8SLywzUDw0H0RmwtcnLaQT8G4BaN1t4qabsa9nJ0WdRRxA-gsT0jrzsqE_KjH8-ZybmZNO-_je-trcbVDrBvvyTQ5jj/s991/mexico.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="689" data-original-width="991" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpXilewlOxEgg_jlHlcLINlHyzH50X_9Htk8HODLICgSguA4-xeFLrgM3hljs2ekTZjRsp1aF92XH9FSnQOKP7zewQCBE4E8SLywzUDw0H0RmwtcnLaQT8G4BaN1t4qabsa9nJ0WdRRxA-gsT0jrzsqE_KjH8-ZybmZNO-_je-trcbVDrBvvyTQ5jj/w400-h278/mexico.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Mexico, West Germany, Brazil</span><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHDIQ0q5R2O5YFSCevWQe8P482qJd7X6M--Oi4CqGPiT6CVGnss8UPgIWR2P9ETSWuM0HcUWLBxh8KcJvlXVxL_quIbxs1fAYpHwbLLF_XaceitWWtSlVHz6AMiBQxPHH9rqUMZHcHWWtZIHdd7IegKtDbHdwAzVGygm7xxdyQsb2ygPNi0exN6ajV/s1358/cambodian%20canadian.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="671" data-original-width="1358" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHDIQ0q5R2O5YFSCevWQe8P482qJd7X6M--Oi4CqGPiT6CVGnss8UPgIWR2P9ETSWuM0HcUWLBxh8KcJvlXVxL_quIbxs1fAYpHwbLLF_XaceitWWtSlVHz6AMiBQxPHH9rqUMZHcHWWtZIHdd7IegKtDbHdwAzVGygm7xxdyQsb2ygPNi0exN6ajV/w400-h198/cambodian%20canadian.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Cambodia, Canada</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC0Fk2j6K0FuVIyIAHo6_WYhDRCryRZjRrQ2tvq-i3EtUD3BuD21sXAAcSnL2KqSGB8Cu8aHdszwGNBs3a8ZcvhNGRpiLMlA7KNybDHU-imNzSiuWM0OBE_wFUWGIjLe0xNPb1RvSDBinayWF85HkEZTY7oDd0azgoochsopO_zbg4AtEgCNNerE62/s955/chile%20south%20vietnam.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="646" data-original-width="955" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjC0Fk2j6K0FuVIyIAHo6_WYhDRCryRZjRrQ2tvq-i3EtUD3BuD21sXAAcSnL2KqSGB8Cu8aHdszwGNBs3a8ZcvhNGRpiLMlA7KNybDHU-imNzSiuWM0OBE_wFUWGIjLe0xNPb1RvSDBinayWF85HkEZTY7oDd0azgoochsopO_zbg4AtEgCNNerE62/w400-h270/chile%20south%20vietnam.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Chile, South Vietnam</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioK4HI-XlmqoO_-JTI3_Yq0PFuFKlyLOYJ1pZiR_Y7nFPRQ5v6kwYLvDUzmedOlO9qQ1OT9klgpQzgELQKMet769ohKzmBtlFX2-2PBxzPdA08uCdRihpGQ1EgcdLXf9AHEd9sqRKqufkLLh_2H6RhNwb7gJgVp5zTtD1nVj09xZpckQn1UZWRzApH/s666/france%20argentina.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="666" data-original-width="581" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEioK4HI-XlmqoO_-JTI3_Yq0PFuFKlyLOYJ1pZiR_Y7nFPRQ5v6kwYLvDUzmedOlO9qQ1OT9klgpQzgELQKMet769ohKzmBtlFX2-2PBxzPdA08uCdRihpGQ1EgcdLXf9AHEd9sqRKqufkLLh_2H6RhNwb7gJgVp5zTtD1nVj09xZpckQn1UZWRzApH/w349-h400/france%20argentina.jpg" width="349" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">France, Argentina</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifQ2JEVBE01RwnSS8D1uBVMFP2JTZYUjaw7hN5KGr3W3LObHh391-eHj4xqE067wk_g_IUNjiWoESofuMVAt61_zXnLQh6JWY9vwGn_Q8XiDAhN3Ki9XOUtdpAXggq6IJ_G7_mDx5513YBpU3dKEwlW9YEK_PWjMiklEZEPVZLEozQePajIM2zzTPD/s1251/taiwan%20south%20korea%20nigeria.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="714" data-original-width="1251" height="229" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifQ2JEVBE01RwnSS8D1uBVMFP2JTZYUjaw7hN5KGr3W3LObHh391-eHj4xqE067wk_g_IUNjiWoESofuMVAt61_zXnLQh6JWY9vwGn_Q8XiDAhN3Ki9XOUtdpAXggq6IJ_G7_mDx5513YBpU3dKEwlW9YEK_PWjMiklEZEPVZLEozQePajIM2zzTPD/w400-h229/taiwan%20south%20korea%20nigeria.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Taiwan, South Korea, Nigeria</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;">This was the helmet of my father's generation, and of my generation. Through victory and defeat it represented the American GI for decades.</span></span><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><i>An American icon</i></span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSi50lGCu_xxIpATkNYmuOIdBrlwGDuIjGNYJb3g_4dTrRxltTW-PWd324G2CKYqorxThhwT1Hw3Ftj_BEnfU-XOvKMKeUXRBpRRlGZZXCyUpyr0ff4Rl9dBYjbuxOnUEmZpeiCK-Sr2QgkGbTV7MzLqOT03IbR20anl1GtqLW1AhHA00wEX5BAIKC/s1024/20220526_201238.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="747" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSi50lGCu_xxIpATkNYmuOIdBrlwGDuIjGNYJb3g_4dTrRxltTW-PWd324G2CKYqorxThhwT1Hw3Ftj_BEnfU-XOvKMKeUXRBpRRlGZZXCyUpyr0ff4Rl9dBYjbuxOnUEmZpeiCK-Sr2QgkGbTV7MzLqOT03IbR20anl1GtqLW1AhHA00wEX5BAIKC/w291-h400/20220526_201238.jpg" width="291" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Best wishes from someone who used to wear one of these (in haze gray).</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div></div><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">I'll see you next time with another cool helmet from the collection.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Mannie</span></div></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>Sources:</p><p>(1) <b>M-1 Helmet lot numbers</b>, Marc W. Giles, <i>Journal of the Company of Military Historians, f</i>all 2018.</p><p>(2) <b>Wound Ballistics in World War II</b>, ed. Col. James Boyd Coates jr. Medical Department, United States Army, p.646, 1962</p><p>Armold, Chris. Steel Pots: The History of America's Steel Combat Helmet. 1997.</p><p>Blais, Frederoc, Giard, Regis. Helmets of the ETO. History & Collections, 2007.</p><p>Reynosa, Mark A. The M-1 Helmet: A History of the U.S. M-1 Helmet in World War II. Schiffer, 1996.</p><div><p></p></div>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-6839440464219730262022-06-02T09:51:00.004-07:002022-06-03T08:00:32.481-07:00Fifty years of collecting, and trying to stay honest<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9AbEykLlWLru8eHgaZard6ttIryiM-v_B_IGawWODQzYgWfXoPeyZ4tOck7EQEQO25_SDQ96AYGRKDB8bHUsT4-tM1RyRiZu-EJ7vmEQ2ZtYFM-pwz29iQRtlMHTcUdHWDJqqrQGyo1PcYhFaIdfNQ5N87xIOt09Cx7PmjPJi36f7tQm7svE0ZJ64/s2048/774605_4210888026258_163326911_o.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9AbEykLlWLru8eHgaZard6ttIryiM-v_B_IGawWODQzYgWfXoPeyZ4tOck7EQEQO25_SDQ96AYGRKDB8bHUsT4-tM1RyRiZu-EJ7vmEQ2ZtYFM-pwz29iQRtlMHTcUdHWDJqqrQGyo1PcYhFaIdfNQ5N87xIOt09Cx7PmjPJi36f7tQm7svE0ZJ64/w400-h300/774605_4210888026258_163326911_o.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /> Here's something that I've been thinking about lately.</span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">In this hobby of ours, too often opinion, folklore, and conjecture masquerade as fact. </span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Last night I went through my collection of helmet books. I was disappointed, though not surprised, that only one of them cited primary sources and gave attributions. That book was Tin Lids, by Roger Lucy.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Many of those who trumpet their expertise on the subject, don't adhere to the basics of research methodology, that is, they cite no sources for their assertions. Anecdotal accounts from "vets" are a poor substitute for primary sources...memories change, facts and details become fuzzy, conjecture trumps actual memory. This is not to say that first-hand memories are valueless - they are good supplemental material, but they are no substitute for documentation</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">I'm looking at my collection of helmet books very differently now, and some, because of the author's lack of scholarship, or damaged reputation, have been rendered little more than pretty pictures bound in glossy covers. Pretty pictures of helmets which may or may not be legitimate.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Many of the biggest names in the hobby (though all too often they have reduced the hobby to little more than an investment opportunity) eschew primary sources, and instead, anoint themselves arbiters of what is known, or what can be known, about the subject of helmets...and presto! their conjecture becomes gospel, endlessly quoted, re-quoted, and self-quoted, in a circular manner. Also noteworthy is that some leading authorities in the hobby have lost their reputations due to their willing participation in the promotion and sales of counterfeit and faked helmets.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">As a beginning collector, it is very important not to be dazzled by an expert's resume. Without citing primary sources they are merely peddling their opinions. Personally, I find conjecture an incredibly tedious waste of my time. When you seek out information, embrace your skepticism, and avoid getting "star-struck" by the heavy-hitters in the hobby.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Of course that applies as well to the information that you glean from this blog. Seldom do I cite sources, but equally seldom do I dabble in conjecture. I tell you what I know or what is self-evident, I qualify any opinions as just that, do a walk-around of photos, and provide "action shots" for context.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">I also invite "comments and corrections."</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">In this blog, and in all of my helmet videos, I state up front that I am not an "expert" but only an experienced beginner. As of this year, I have been actively collecting helmets for fifty years, starting with a Japanese type 90 that I found when I was stationed on Guam in 1972 (<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAB-YEvBrqo">here</a>). Despite this longevity in the hobby, I am still learning and <i>trying</i> to learn.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Without scholarship, this hobby becomes merely folkloric; and for me, that makes the hobby less fun...and if a hobby isn't fun, then what's the point of it all?</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Keep collecting, keep investigating, and keep having fun.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">See you next time with another cool helmet from the collection.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Mannie</span></p>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-13163568221832348162022-01-09T14:26:00.005-08:002022-01-09T14:26:43.987-08:00South African mk.II production video<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">This video was brought to my attention, and I'd like to share it with you. I always like footage showing how things are made, in this instance, South African mk.II combat helmets, I hope that you enjoy it.</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="348" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/WbkeeEDExGU" width="419" youtube-src-id="WbkeeEDExGU"></iframe></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Happy new year,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Mannie</span></p>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-39789774806978423762021-12-05T15:38:00.000-08:002021-12-05T15:38:09.825-08:00Happy Holidays from Combat Helmets of the 20th Century.<p> <span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;">Happy</span> <span style="color: #04ff00;">holidays</span> everyone, and thanks for following my blog. </span></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8JpfGoujcC8/Ya1NCydIwVI/AAAAAAAAtTI/EegEEujr1CstG8G1zgzmOKsA5Wist1Y0wCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/picklr.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="796" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8JpfGoujcC8/Ya1NCydIwVI/AAAAAAAAtTI/EegEEujr1CstG8G1zgzmOKsA5Wist1Y0wCNcBGAsYHQ/w498-h640/picklr.jpg" width="498" /></a></div><br /><p><span style="font-family: arial;">See you next year, with more cool helmets from the collection.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Mannie</span></p>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-35145990214561628912021-12-05T15:25:00.000-08:002021-12-05T15:25:49.074-08:00Singapore m.C1 combat helmet<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"><b>Gum chewing will not be tolerated in Singapore.</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-p6DFVZL5VFw/Ya0GTZi4IbI/AAAAAAAAtSY/b4JZh3oVuisN_9CVAPUM8d6LWaBmNnlJwCNcBGAsYHQ/s697/gum1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="501" data-original-width="697" height="288" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-p6DFVZL5VFw/Ya0GTZi4IbI/AAAAAAAAtSY/b4JZh3oVuisN_9CVAPUM8d6LWaBmNnlJwCNcBGAsYHQ/w400-h288/gum1.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JEDvY-8Xlpo/YalHTWr_wyI/AAAAAAAAtP8/pe13OPZNltAxciDUkj6MUy1iBhFdR8gKACNcBGAsYHQ/s768/singapore%2B1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="512" data-original-width="768" height="426" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JEDvY-8Xlpo/YalHTWr_wyI/AAAAAAAAtP8/pe13OPZNltAxciDUkj6MUy1iBhFdR8gKACNcBGAsYHQ/w640-h426/singapore%2B1.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">For this post, I asked friends if they have ever been to Singapore, and to very briefly describe it. Here is a sampling:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: start;"><li><div style="font-family: inherit;"></div></li><li><div style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="kvgmc6g5 jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 d0szoon8" style="font-family: inherit; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 54px;"><ul style="list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><li><div style="font-family: inherit;"><div aria-label="Reply by Aradhna Pillai to Aradhna Pillai's comment 16 hours ago" class="l9j0dhe7 ecm0bbzt rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 scb9dxdr j83agx80 btwxx1t3 lzcic4wl" role="article" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; font-family: inherit; outline: none; padding: 4px 0px 0px 8px; position: relative;" tabindex="-1"><div class="rj1gh0hx buofh1pr ni8dbmo4 stjgntxs hv4rvrfc" style="flex-basis: 0px; flex-grow: 1; font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; padding-right: 16px;"><div style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="q9uorilb bvz0fpym c1et5uql sf5mxxl7" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; max-width: calc(100% - 26px); vertical-align: middle; word-wrap: break-word;"><div class="_680y" style="display: inline-flex; font-family: inherit; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 456px;"><div class="_6cuy" style="flex: 1 1 auto; font-family: inherit; min-width: 0px; width: 456px;"><div class="b3i9ofy5 e72ty7fz qlfml3jp inkptoze qmr60zad rq0escxv oo9gr5id q9uorilb kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x d2edcug0 jm1wdb64 l9j0dhe7 l3itjdph qv66sw1b" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 18px; border-bottom-right-radius: 18px; border-top-left-radius: 18px; border-top-right-radius: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--primary-text); display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; position: relative; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;"><div class="tw6a2znq sj5x9vvc d1544ag0 cxgpxx05" style="font-family: inherit; padding: 8px 12px;"><div class="ecm0bbzt e5nlhep0 a8c37x1j" style="font-family: inherit; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql oi732d6d ik7dh3pa ht8s03o8 a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d9wwppkn fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v b1v8xokw oo9gr5id" color="var(--primary-text)" dir="auto" lang="en" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;"><div class="kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql" style="font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;"> Regimented grid masquerading as a cosmopolitan island country</div></div></span></div></div></div></div><div class="_6cuq" style="bottom: -11px; font-family: inherit; position: absolute; right: 2px; z-index: 0;"><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="tojvnm2t a6sixzi8 abs2jz4q a8s20v7p t1p8iaqh k5wvi7nf q3lfd5jv pk4s997a bipmatt0 cebpdrjk qowsmv63 owwhemhu dp1hu0rb dhp61c6y iyyx5f41" style="align-content: inherit; align-items: inherit; align-self: inherit; display: inherit; flex-direction: inherit; flex: inherit; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; justify-content: inherit; max-height: inherit; max-width: inherit; min-height: inherit; min-width: inherit; width: inherit;"><div aria-label="1 reaction; see who reacted to this" class="oajrlxb2 g5ia77u1 qu0x051f esr5mh6w e9989ue4 r7d6kgcz rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 nc684nl6 p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of lzcic4wl n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql l9j0dhe7 abiwlrkh p8dawk7l" role="button" style="-webkit-user-select: none; border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0"><div class="hyh9befq r8blr3vg n8tt0mok jwdofwj8 gl3lb2sf r9r71o1u j83agx80 ns4ygwem fykbt5ly hgaippwi fni8adji bp9cbjyn jkio9rs9 hn33210v" style="--t68779821: 0 1px 3px 0 var(--shadow-2); -webkit-box-shadow: var(--T68779821); align-items: center; border-bottom-left-radius: 10px; border-bottom-right-radius: 10px; border-top-left-radius: 10px; border-top-right-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 var(--shadow-2); display: flex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.6875rem; height: 16px; padding: 2px;"><div class="b3onmgus rl25f0pe j83agx80 bp9cbjyn" style="align-items: center; display: flex; flex-direction: row-reverse; font-family: inherit; padding-left: 4px;"><span class="l9j0dhe7 lzcic4wl rl04r1d5 j83agx80 ns4ygwem fykbt5ly hgaippwi fni8adji nl6bj373 hn33210v" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 10px; border-bottom-right-radius: 10px; border-right: 2px solid var(--popover-background); border-top-left-radius: 10px; border-top-right-radius: 10px; display: flex; font-family: inherit; margin-left: -4px; outline: none; position: relative;"><img height="16" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' viewBox='0 0 16 16'%3e%3cdefs%3e%3clinearGradient id='a' x1='50%25' x2='50%25' y1='0%25' y2='100%25'%3e%3cstop offset='0%25' stop-color='%2318AFFF'/%3e%3cstop offset='100%25' stop-color='%230062DF'/%3e%3c/linearGradient%3e%3cfilter id='c' width='118.8%25' height='118.8%25' x='-9.4%25' y='-9.4%25' filterUnits='objectBoundingBox'%3e%3cfeGaussianBlur in='SourceAlpha' result='shadowBlurInner1' stdDeviation='1'/%3e%3cfeOffset dy='-1' in='shadowBlurInner1' result='shadowOffsetInner1'/%3e%3cfeComposite in='shadowOffsetInner1' in2='SourceAlpha' k2='-1' k3='1' operator='arithmetic' result='shadowInnerInner1'/%3e%3cfeColorMatrix in='shadowInnerInner1' values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.299356041 0 0 0 0 0.681187726 0 0 0 0.3495684 0'/%3e%3c/filter%3e%3cpath id='b' d='M8 0a8 8 0 00-8 8 8 8 0 1016 0 8 8 0 00-8-8z'/%3e%3c/defs%3e%3cg fill='none'%3e%3cuse fill='url(%23a)' xlink:href='%23b'/%3e%3cuse fill='black' filter='url(%23c)' xlink:href='%23b'/%3e%3cpath fill='white' d='M12.162 7.338c.176.123.338.245.338.674 0 .43-.229.604-.474.725a.73.73 0 01.089.546c-.077.344-.392.611-.672.69.121.194.159.385.015.62-.185.295-.346.407-1.058.407H7.5c-.988 0-1.5-.546-1.5-1V7.665c0-1.23 1.467-2.275 1.467-3.13L7.361 3.47c-.005-.065.008-.224.058-.27.08-.079.301-.2.635-.2.218 0 .363.041.534.123.581.277.732.978.732 1.542 0 .271-.414 1.083-.47 1.364 0 0 .867-.192 1.879-.199 1.061-.006 1.749.19 1.749.842 0 .261-.219.523-.316.666zM3.6 7h.8a.6.6 0 01.6.6v3.8a.6.6 0 01-.6.6h-.8a.6.6 0 01-.6-.6V7.6a.6.6 0 01.6-.6z'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e" style="border: 0px;" width="16" /></span></div><span class="g0qnabr5 hyh9befq qt6c0cv9 n8tt0mok jb3vyjys j5wam9gi knj5qynh e9vueds3 m9osqain" color="var(--secondary-text)" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; line-height: 1.2308; padding: 0px 2px; white-space: nowrap;">1</span></div><div class="n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; bottom: 0px; font-family: inherit; left: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: opacity; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></div></span></div></div></div></div><div class="q9uorilb sf5mxxl7 pgctjfs5" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: middle; width: 22px;"><div class="no6464jc b5wmifdl nv5ty6hh" style="font-family: inherit; margin-left: 11px; opacity: 0;"><span class="tojvnm2t a6sixzi8 abs2jz4q a8s20v7p t1p8iaqh k5wvi7nf q3lfd5jv pk4s997a bipmatt0 cebpdrjk qowsmv63 owwhemhu dp1hu0rb dhp61c6y iyyx5f41" style="align-content: inherit; align-items: inherit; align-self: inherit; display: inherit; flex-direction: inherit; flex: inherit; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; justify-content: inherit; max-height: inherit; max-width: inherit; min-height: inherit; min-width: inherit; width: inherit;"><div aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-label="Delete, hide or report this" class="oajrlxb2 gs1a9yip g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 pq6dq46d mg4g778l btwxx1t3 pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso l9j0dhe7 i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of du4w35lb lzcic4wl n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql abiwlrkh p8dawk7l dwo3fsh8 pzggbiyp pkj7ub1o bqnlxs5p kkg9azqs c24pa1uk ln9iyx3p fe6kdd0r ar1oviwq l10q8mi9 sq40qgkc s8quxz6p pdjglbur" role="button" style="-webkit-appearance: none; -webkit-user-select: none; align-items: stretch; border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; border: 0px solid var(--always-dark-overlay); box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: bottom; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><i class="hu5pjgll m6k467ps" data-visualcompletion="css-img" style="background-image: url("https://www.facebook.com/rsrc.php/v3/yE/r/mrCvbD_vSoR.png"); background-position: -136px -149px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; background-size: auto; display: inline-block; filter: var(--filter-secondary-icon); height: 16px; vertical-align: -0.25em; width: 16px;"></i><div class="s45kfl79 emlxlaya bkmhp75w spb7xbtv i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s rnr61an3" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 50%; border-bottom-right-radius: 50%; border-top-left-radius: 50%; border-top-right-radius: 50%; bottom: -8px; font-family: inherit; left: -8px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: -8px; top: -8px; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: opacity; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></div></span></div></div></div><ul class="_6coi oygrvhab ozuftl9m l66bhrea linoseic" style="color: var(--secondary-text); display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 12px; min-height: 15px; padding: 3px 0px 0px;"><li class="_6coj" style="display: inline-block;"><span class="q9uorilb" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit;"><div class="l9j0dhe7 q9uorilb" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><div aria-label="Remove Like" class="oajrlxb2 bp9cbjyn g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 j83agx80 mg4g778l btwxx1t3 pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso l9j0dhe7 i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr gokke00a du4w35lb lzcic4wl n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql abiwlrkh p8dawk7l buofh1pr taijpn5t n3ffmt46" role="button" style="-webkit-user-select: none; align-items: center; border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; border: 0px solid var(--always-dark-overlay); box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex: 1 0 auto; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; justify-content: center; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; touch-action: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><div class="m9osqain nhd2j8a9 q9uorilb n3ffmt46 l9j0dhe7 gpro0wi8" style="color: #2078f4; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; position: relative;"><span class="q9uorilb sf5mxxl7" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: middle;"></span>Like</div></div><div aria-label="Change Like reaction" class="oajrlxb2 gs1a9yip g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 pq6dq46d mg4g778l btwxx1t3 pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab kkf49tns tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso pmk7jnqg i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of du4w35lb lzcic4wl n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql abiwlrkh p8dawk7l q45zohi1 g0aa4cga" role="button" style="-webkit-user-select: none; align-items: stretch; border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; border: 0px solid var(--always-dark-overlay); box-sizing: border-box; clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 4px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><i class="hu5pjgll m6k467ps" data-visualcompletion="css-img" style="background-image: url("https://www.facebook.com/rsrc.php/v3/yE/r/mrCvbD_vSoR.png"); background-position: -154px -166px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; background-size: auto; display: inline-block; filter: var(--filter-secondary-icon); height: 12px; vertical-align: -0.25em; width: 12px;"></i><div class="n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; bottom: 0px; font-family: inherit; left: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: opacity; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></div></span></div></span></li><li class="_6coj" style="display: inline-block;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="_6cok" color="var(--placeholder-icon)" style="font-family: inherit;"> · </span><div class="oajrlxb2 g5ia77u1 qu0x051f esr5mh6w e9989ue4 r7d6kgcz rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 q9uorilb p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of lzcic4wl m9osqain gpro0wi8 n3ffmt46 l9j0dhe7" role="button" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--secondary-text); cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0">Reply</div></li><li class="_6coj" style="display: inline-block;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="_6cok" color="var(--placeholder-icon)" style="font-family: inherit;"> · </span><a class="oajrlxb2 g5ia77u1 qu0x051f esr5mh6w e9989ue4 r7d6kgcz rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 nc684nl6 p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of lzcic4wl m9osqain gpro0wi8 knj5qynh" href="https://www.facebook.com/mannie.gentile/posts/10220829112653415?comment_id=10220829166334757&reply_comment_id=10220829230216354&__cft__[0]=AZUeAChhVzzH_4ULh2QMMglIqB9bh38XSfX2SKlcOWq6tY4vm2WmXwXQICwVFnEFS7Az8qcYb5y1VXhbXRsSwqQMvSUXJztY1gGZ8Dhd4viVXHsxplLg7m07FAcEeyiaTMI&__tn__=R]-R" role="link" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--secondary-text); cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0"><span class="tojvnm2t a6sixzi8 abs2jz4q a8s20v7p t1p8iaqh k5wvi7nf q3lfd5jv pk4s997a bipmatt0 cebpdrjk qowsmv63 owwhemhu dp1hu0rb dhp61c6y iyyx5f41" style="align-content: inherit; align-items: inherit; align-self: inherit; display: inherit; flex-direction: inherit; flex: inherit; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; justify-content: inherit; max-height: inherit; max-width: inherit; min-height: inherit; min-width: inherit; width: inherit;">16h</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul><div class="l9j0dhe7" style="font-family: inherit; position: relative;"></div></div></div></li><li><div style="font-family: inherit;"><div aria-label="Comment by Jane Hartel 16 hours ago" class="l9j0dhe7 ecm0bbzt rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 dati1w0a j83agx80 btwxx1t3 lzcic4wl" role="article" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; font-family: inherit; outline: none; padding: 4px 0px 0px 16px; position: relative;" tabindex="-1"><div class="nqmvxvec s45kfl79 emlxlaya bkmhp75w spb7xbtv a8c37x1j fv0vnmcu rs0gx3tq l9j0dhe7" style="align-self: flex-start; border-bottom-left-radius: 50%; border-bottom-right-radius: 50%; border-top-left-radius: 50%; border-top-right-radius: 50%; font-family: inherit; margin-right: 6px; margin-top: 2px; position: relative;"><span class="nc684nl6" style="display: inline; font-family: inherit;"><a aria-hidden="true" class="oajrlxb2 gs1a9yip g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 q9uorilb mg4g778l btwxx1t3 pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso l9j0dhe7 i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of du4w35lb lzcic4wl n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql abiwlrkh p8dawk7l" href="https://www.facebook.com/jane.hartel?comment_id=Y29tbWVudDoxMDIyMDgyOTExMjY1MzQxNV8xMDIyMDgyOTIwNjI1NTc1NQ%3D%3D&__cft__[0]=AZUeAChhVzzH_4ULh2QMMglIqB9bh38XSfX2SKlcOWq6tY4vm2WmXwXQICwVFnEFS7Az8qcYb5y1VXhbXRsSwqQMvSUXJztY1gGZ8Dhd4viVXHsxplLg7m07FAcEeyiaTMI&__tn__=R]-R" role="link" style="-webkit-user-select: none; align-items: stretch; border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; border: 0px solid var(--always-dark-overlay); box-sizing: border-box; color: #385898; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; touch-action: manipulation; z-index: 0;" tabindex="-1"><div class="q9uorilb l9j0dhe7 pzggbiyp du4w35lb" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; position: relative; vertical-align: bottom; z-index: 0;"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="pzggbiyp" data-visualcompletion="ignore-dynamic" role="none" style="height: 32px; width: 32px;"><mask id="jsc_c_79x"><circle cx="16" cy="16" fill="white" r="16"></circle></mask><g mask="url(#jsc_c_79x)"><image height="100%" preserveaspectratio="xMidYMid slice" style="height: 32px; width: 32px;" width="100%" x="0" xlink:href="https://scontent-iad3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.6435-1/cp0/p32x32/87560486_3301387816541976_4604407423250202624_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&ccb=1-5&_nc_sid=7206a8&_nc_ohc=q8uS7O8-HjcAX-QkB9X&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.xx&oh=4562a8026d79f202931d00a7b82f68ef&oe=61D081D8" y="0"></image><circle class="mlqo0dh0 georvekb s6kb5r3f" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle></g></svg></div><div class="s45kfl79 emlxlaya bkmhp75w spb7xbtv i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 50%; border-bottom-right-radius: 50%; border-top-left-radius: 50%; border-top-right-radius: 50%; bottom: 0px; font-family: inherit; left: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: opacity; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></a></span></div><div class="rj1gh0hx buofh1pr ni8dbmo4 stjgntxs hv4rvrfc" style="flex-basis: 0px; flex-grow: 1; font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; padding-right: 16px;"><div style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="q9uorilb bvz0fpym c1et5uql sf5mxxl7" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; max-width: calc(100% - 26px); vertical-align: middle; word-wrap: break-word;"><div class="_680y" style="display: inline-flex; font-family: inherit; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 360.453125px;"><div class="_6cuy" style="flex: 1 1 auto; font-family: inherit; min-width: 0px; width: 360.453125px;"><div class="b3i9ofy5 e72ty7fz qlfml3jp inkptoze qmr60zad rq0escxv oo9gr5id q9uorilb kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x d2edcug0 jm1wdb64 l9j0dhe7 l3itjdph qv66sw1b" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 18px; border-bottom-right-radius: 18px; border-top-left-radius: 18px; border-top-right-radius: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--primary-text); display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; position: relative; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;"><div class="tw6a2znq sj5x9vvc d1544ag0 cxgpxx05" style="font-family: inherit; padding: 8px 12px;"><div class="ecm0bbzt e5nlhep0 a8c37x1j" style="font-family: inherit; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql oi732d6d ik7dh3pa ht8s03o8 a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d9wwppkn fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v b1v8xokw oo9gr5id" color="var(--primary-text)" dir="auto" lang="en" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;"><div class="kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql" style="font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Yes, it’s a beautiful city/state with repressive laws</div></div></span></div></div></div></div><div class="_6cuq" style="bottom: -11px; font-family: inherit; position: absolute; right: 2px; z-index: 0;"><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="tojvnm2t a6sixzi8 abs2jz4q a8s20v7p t1p8iaqh k5wvi7nf q3lfd5jv pk4s997a bipmatt0 cebpdrjk qowsmv63 owwhemhu dp1hu0rb dhp61c6y iyyx5f41" style="align-content: inherit; align-items: inherit; align-self: inherit; display: inherit; flex-direction: inherit; flex: inherit; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; justify-content: inherit; max-height: inherit; max-width: inherit; min-height: inherit; min-width: inherit; width: inherit;"><div aria-label="1 reaction; see who reacted to this" class="oajrlxb2 g5ia77u1 qu0x051f esr5mh6w e9989ue4 r7d6kgcz rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 nc684nl6 p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of lzcic4wl n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql l9j0dhe7 abiwlrkh p8dawk7l" role="button" style="-webkit-user-select: none; border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0"><div class="hyh9befq r8blr3vg n8tt0mok jwdofwj8 gl3lb2sf r9r71o1u j83agx80 ns4ygwem fykbt5ly hgaippwi fni8adji bp9cbjyn jkio9rs9 hn33210v" style="--t68779821: 0 1px 3px 0 var(--shadow-2); -webkit-box-shadow: var(--T68779821); align-items: center; border-bottom-left-radius: 10px; border-bottom-right-radius: 10px; border-top-left-radius: 10px; border-top-right-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 var(--shadow-2); display: flex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.6875rem; height: 16px; padding: 2px;"><div class="b3onmgus rl25f0pe j83agx80 bp9cbjyn" style="align-items: center; display: flex; flex-direction: row-reverse; font-family: inherit; padding-left: 4px;"><span class="l9j0dhe7 lzcic4wl rl04r1d5 j83agx80 ns4ygwem fykbt5ly hgaippwi fni8adji nl6bj373 hn33210v" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 10px; border-bottom-right-radius: 10px; border-right: 2px solid var(--popover-background); border-top-left-radius: 10px; border-top-right-radius: 10px; display: flex; font-family: inherit; margin-left: -4px; outline: none; position: relative;"><img height="16" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' viewBox='0 0 16 16'%3e%3cdefs%3e%3clinearGradient id='a' x1='50%25' x2='50%25' y1='0%25' y2='100%25'%3e%3cstop offset='0%25' stop-color='%2318AFFF'/%3e%3cstop offset='100%25' stop-color='%230062DF'/%3e%3c/linearGradient%3e%3cfilter id='c' width='118.8%25' height='118.8%25' x='-9.4%25' y='-9.4%25' filterUnits='objectBoundingBox'%3e%3cfeGaussianBlur in='SourceAlpha' result='shadowBlurInner1' stdDeviation='1'/%3e%3cfeOffset dy='-1' in='shadowBlurInner1' result='shadowOffsetInner1'/%3e%3cfeComposite in='shadowOffsetInner1' in2='SourceAlpha' k2='-1' k3='1' operator='arithmetic' result='shadowInnerInner1'/%3e%3cfeColorMatrix in='shadowInnerInner1' values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.299356041 0 0 0 0 0.681187726 0 0 0 0.3495684 0'/%3e%3c/filter%3e%3cpath id='b' d='M8 0a8 8 0 00-8 8 8 8 0 1016 0 8 8 0 00-8-8z'/%3e%3c/defs%3e%3cg fill='none'%3e%3cuse fill='url(%23a)' xlink:href='%23b'/%3e%3cuse fill='black' filter='url(%23c)' xlink:href='%23b'/%3e%3cpath fill='white' d='M12.162 7.338c.176.123.338.245.338.674 0 .43-.229.604-.474.725a.73.73 0 01.089.546c-.077.344-.392.611-.672.69.121.194.159.385.015.62-.185.295-.346.407-1.058.407H7.5c-.988 0-1.5-.546-1.5-1V7.665c0-1.23 1.467-2.275 1.467-3.13L7.361 3.47c-.005-.065.008-.224.058-.27.08-.079.301-.2.635-.2.218 0 .363.041.534.123.581.277.732.978.732 1.542 0 .271-.414 1.083-.47 1.364 0 0 .867-.192 1.879-.199 1.061-.006 1.749.19 1.749.842 0 .261-.219.523-.316.666zM3.6 7h.8a.6.6 0 01.6.6v3.8a.6.6 0 01-.6.6h-.8a.6.6 0 01-.6-.6V7.6a.6.6 0 01.6-.6z'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e" style="border: 0px;" width="16" /></span></div><span class="g0qnabr5 hyh9befq qt6c0cv9 n8tt0mok jb3vyjys j5wam9gi knj5qynh e9vueds3 m9osqain" color="var(--secondary-text)" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; line-height: 1.2308; padding: 0px 2px; white-space: nowrap;">1</span></div><div class="n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; bottom: 0px; font-family: inherit; left: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: opacity; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></div></span></div></div></div></div><div class="q9uorilb sf5mxxl7 pgctjfs5" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: middle; width: 22px;"><div class="no6464jc b5wmifdl nv5ty6hh" style="font-family: inherit; margin-left: 11px; opacity: 0;"><span class="tojvnm2t a6sixzi8 abs2jz4q a8s20v7p t1p8iaqh k5wvi7nf q3lfd5jv pk4s997a bipmatt0 cebpdrjk qowsmv63 owwhemhu dp1hu0rb dhp61c6y iyyx5f41" style="align-content: inherit; align-items: inherit; align-self: inherit; display: inherit; flex-direction: inherit; flex: inherit; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; justify-content: inherit; max-height: inherit; max-width: inherit; min-height: inherit; min-width: inherit; width: inherit;"><div aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-label="Delete, hide or report this" class="oajrlxb2 gs1a9yip g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 pq6dq46d mg4g778l btwxx1t3 pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso l9j0dhe7 i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of du4w35lb lzcic4wl n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql abiwlrkh p8dawk7l dwo3fsh8 pzggbiyp pkj7ub1o bqnlxs5p kkg9azqs c24pa1uk ln9iyx3p fe6kdd0r ar1oviwq l10q8mi9 sq40qgkc s8quxz6p pdjglbur" role="button" style="-webkit-appearance: none; -webkit-user-select: none; align-items: stretch; border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; border: 0px solid var(--always-dark-overlay); box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: bottom; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><i class="hu5pjgll m6k467ps" data-visualcompletion="css-img" style="background-image: url("https://www.facebook.com/rsrc.php/v3/yE/r/mrCvbD_vSoR.png"); background-position: -136px -149px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; background-size: auto; display: inline-block; filter: var(--filter-secondary-icon); height: 16px; vertical-align: -0.25em; width: 16px;"></i><div class="s45kfl79 emlxlaya bkmhp75w spb7xbtv i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 50%; border-bottom-right-radius: 50%; border-top-left-radius: 50%; border-top-right-radius: 50%; bottom: -8px; font-family: inherit; left: -8px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: -8px; top: -8px; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: opacity; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></div></span></div></div></div><ul class="_6coi oygrvhab ozuftl9m l66bhrea linoseic" style="color: var(--secondary-text); display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 12px; min-height: 15px; padding: 3px 0px 0px;"><li class="_6coj" style="display: inline-block;"><span class="q9uorilb" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit;"><div class="l9j0dhe7 q9uorilb" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><div aria-label="Remove Like" class="oajrlxb2 bp9cbjyn g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 j83agx80 mg4g778l btwxx1t3 pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso l9j0dhe7 i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr gokke00a du4w35lb lzcic4wl n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql abiwlrkh p8dawk7l buofh1pr taijpn5t n3ffmt46" role="button" style="-webkit-user-select: none; align-items: center; border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; border: 0px solid var(--always-dark-overlay); box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex: 1 0 auto; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; justify-content: center; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; touch-action: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><div class="m9osqain nhd2j8a9 q9uorilb n3ffmt46 l9j0dhe7 gpro0wi8" style="color: #2078f4; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; position: relative;"><span class="q9uorilb sf5mxxl7" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: middle;"></span>Like</div></div><div aria-label="Change Like reaction" class="oajrlxb2 gs1a9yip g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 pq6dq46d mg4g778l btwxx1t3 pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab kkf49tns tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso pmk7jnqg i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of du4w35lb lzcic4wl n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql abiwlrkh p8dawk7l q45zohi1 g0aa4cga" role="button" style="-webkit-user-select: none; align-items: stretch; border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; border: 0px solid var(--always-dark-overlay); box-sizing: border-box; clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 4px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><i class="hu5pjgll m6k467ps" data-visualcompletion="css-img" style="background-image: url("https://www.facebook.com/rsrc.php/v3/yE/r/mrCvbD_vSoR.png"); background-position: -154px -166px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; background-size: auto; display: inline-block; filter: var(--filter-secondary-icon); height: 12px; vertical-align: -0.25em; width: 12px;"></i><div class="n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; bottom: 0px; font-family: inherit; left: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: opacity; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></div></span></div></span></li><li class="_6coj" style="display: inline-block;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="_6cok" color="var(--placeholder-icon)" style="font-family: inherit;"> · </span><div class="oajrlxb2 g5ia77u1 qu0x051f esr5mh6w e9989ue4 r7d6kgcz rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 q9uorilb p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of lzcic4wl m9osqain gpro0wi8 n3ffmt46 l9j0dhe7" role="button" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--secondary-text); cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0">Reply</div></li><li class="_6coj" style="display: inline-block;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="_6cok" color="var(--placeholder-icon)" style="font-family: inherit;"> · </span><a class="oajrlxb2 g5ia77u1 qu0x051f esr5mh6w e9989ue4 r7d6kgcz rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 nc684nl6 p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of lzcic4wl m9osqain gpro0wi8 knj5qynh" href="https://www.facebook.com/mannie.gentile/posts/10220829112653415?comment_id=10220829206255755&__cft__[0]=AZUeAChhVzzH_4ULh2QMMglIqB9bh38XSfX2SKlcOWq6tY4vm2WmXwXQICwVFnEFS7Az8qcYb5y1VXhbXRsSwqQMvSUXJztY1gGZ8Dhd4viVXHsxplLg7m07FAcEeyiaTMI&__tn__=R]-R" role="link" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--secondary-text); cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0"><span class="tojvnm2t a6sixzi8 abs2jz4q a8s20v7p t1p8iaqh k5wvi7nf q3lfd5jv pk4s997a bipmatt0 cebpdrjk qowsmv63 owwhemhu dp1hu0rb dhp61c6y iyyx5f41" style="align-content: inherit; align-items: inherit; align-self: inherit; display: inherit; flex-direction: inherit; flex: inherit; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; justify-content: inherit; max-height: inherit; max-width: inherit; min-height: inherit; min-width: inherit; width: inherit;">16h</span></a></li></ul></div></div></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="kvgmc6g5 jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 d0szoon8" style="font-family: inherit; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 54px;"></div></div></li><li><div style="font-family: inherit;"><div aria-label="Comment by Michael Sieve 16 hours ago" class="l9j0dhe7 ecm0bbzt rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 dati1w0a j83agx80 btwxx1t3 lzcic4wl" role="article" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; font-family: inherit; outline: none; padding: 4px 0px 0px 16px; position: relative;" tabindex="-1"><div class="nqmvxvec s45kfl79 emlxlaya bkmhp75w spb7xbtv a8c37x1j fv0vnmcu rs0gx3tq l9j0dhe7" style="align-self: flex-start; border-bottom-left-radius: 50%; border-bottom-right-radius: 50%; border-top-left-radius: 50%; border-top-right-radius: 50%; font-family: inherit; margin-right: 6px; margin-top: 2px; position: relative;"><span class="nc684nl6" style="display: inline; font-family: inherit;"><a aria-hidden="true" class="oajrlxb2 gs1a9yip g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 q9uorilb mg4g778l btwxx1t3 pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso l9j0dhe7 i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of du4w35lb lzcic4wl n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql abiwlrkh p8dawk7l" href="https://www.facebook.com/michael.sieve.5?comment_id=Y29tbWVudDoxMDIyMDgyOTExMjY1MzQxNV8xMDIyMDgyOTI0NDg5NjcyMQ%3D%3D&__cft__[0]=AZUeAChhVzzH_4ULh2QMMglIqB9bh38XSfX2SKlcOWq6tY4vm2WmXwXQICwVFnEFS7Az8qcYb5y1VXhbXRsSwqQMvSUXJztY1gGZ8Dhd4viVXHsxplLg7m07FAcEeyiaTMI&__tn__=R]-R" role="link" style="-webkit-user-select: none; align-items: stretch; border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; border: 0px solid var(--always-dark-overlay); box-sizing: border-box; color: #385898; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; touch-action: manipulation; z-index: 0;" tabindex="-1"><div class="q9uorilb l9j0dhe7 pzggbiyp du4w35lb" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; position: relative; vertical-align: bottom; z-index: 0;"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="pzggbiyp" data-visualcompletion="ignore-dynamic" role="none" style="height: 32px; width: 32px;"><mask id="jsc_c_7a1"><circle cx="16" cy="16" fill="white" r="16"></circle><circle cx="27" cy="27" data-visualcompletion="ignore" fill="black" r="6"></circle></mask><g mask="url(#jsc_c_7a1)"><image height="100%" preserveaspectratio="xMidYMid slice" style="height: 32px; width: 32px;" width="100%" x="0" xlink:href="https://scontent-iad3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.6435-1/cp0/c3.0.32.32a/p32x32/124843101_10224512088256607_6511764021629007121_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&ccb=1-5&_nc_sid=7206a8&_nc_ohc=bmbOpU2kj2sAX8_49OY&tn=ElxqqiGyCirhIg0o&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.xx&oh=d58e0a4f221636238baf109e61a08e90&oe=61CF45A1" y="0"></image><circle class="mlqo0dh0 georvekb s6kb5r3f" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle></g></svg><div class="s45kfl79 emlxlaya bkmhp75w spb7xbtv pmk7jnqg kavbgo14" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 50%; border-bottom-right-radius: 50%; border-top-left-radius: 50%; border-top-right-radius: 50%; bottom: 5px; font-family: inherit; position: absolute; right: 5px; transform: translate(50%, 50%); z-index: 2;"><div class="l9j0dhe7 stjgntxs ni8dbmo4 j83agx80 spb7xbtv bkmhp75w emlxlaya s45kfl79" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 50%; border-bottom-right-radius: 50%; border-top-left-radius: 50%; border-top-right-radius: 50%; display: flex; font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; position: relative;"><div class="iyyx5f41 l9j0dhe7 cebpdrjk bipmatt0 k5wvi7nf a8s20v7p k77z8yql qs9ysxi8 arfg74bv n00je7tq a6sixzi8 tojvnm2t" style="align-content: inherit; align-items: inherit; border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; display: inherit; flex-direction: inherit; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; justify-content: inherit; position: relative; width: inherit;"><span class="pq6dq46d jllm4f4h qu0x051f esr5mh6w e9989ue4 r7d6kgcz s45kfl79 emlxlaya bkmhp75w spb7xbtv t6na6p9t c9rrlmt1" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 50%; border-bottom-right-radius: 50%; border-top-left-radius: 50%; border-top-right-radius: 50%; border: 0px; display: inline-flex; font-family: inherit; height: 8px; width: 8px;"></span><div class="s45kfl79 emlxlaya bkmhp75w spb7xbtv i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 50%; border-bottom-right-radius: 50%; border-top-left-radius: 50%; border-top-right-radius: 50%; bottom: 0px; font-family: inherit; left: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: opacity; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></div><div class="rq0escxv pmk7jnqg du4w35lb q45zohi1 ema1e40h ay7djpcl pfx3uekm rfua0xdk" style="box-sizing: border-box; clip-path: inset(50%); clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); font-family: inherit; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px; z-index: 0;">Active</div></div></div></div><div class="s45kfl79 emlxlaya bkmhp75w spb7xbtv i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 50%; border-bottom-right-radius: 50%; border-top-left-radius: 50%; border-top-right-radius: 50%; bottom: 0px; font-family: inherit; left: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: opacity; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></a></span></div><div class="rj1gh0hx buofh1pr ni8dbmo4 stjgntxs hv4rvrfc" style="flex-basis: 0px; flex-grow: 1; font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; padding-right: 16px;"><div style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="q9uorilb bvz0fpym c1et5uql sf5mxxl7" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; max-width: calc(100% - 26px); vertical-align: middle; word-wrap: break-word;"><div class="_680y" style="display: inline-flex; font-family: inherit; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 494px;"><div class="_6cuy" style="flex: 1 1 auto; font-family: inherit; min-width: 0px; width: 494px;"><div class="b3i9ofy5 e72ty7fz qlfml3jp inkptoze qmr60zad rq0escxv oo9gr5id q9uorilb kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x d2edcug0 jm1wdb64 l9j0dhe7 l3itjdph qv66sw1b" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 18px; border-bottom-right-radius: 18px; border-top-left-radius: 18px; border-top-right-radius: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--primary-text); display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; position: relative; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;"><div class="tw6a2znq sj5x9vvc d1544ag0 cxgpxx05" style="font-family: inherit; padding: 8px 12px;"><div class="ecm0bbzt e5nlhep0 a8c37x1j" style="font-family: inherit; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql oi732d6d ik7dh3pa ht8s03o8 a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d9wwppkn fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v b1v8xokw oo9gr5id" color="var(--primary-text)" dir="auto" lang="en" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;"><div class="kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql" style="font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">‘73 aboard Higbee. Stunningly beautiful and unlike any other city we visited that cruise. A jewel.</div></div></span></div></div></div></div><div class="_6cuq" style="bottom: -11px; font-family: inherit; position: absolute; right: 2px; z-index: 0;"><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="tojvnm2t a6sixzi8 abs2jz4q a8s20v7p t1p8iaqh k5wvi7nf q3lfd5jv pk4s997a bipmatt0 cebpdrjk qowsmv63 owwhemhu dp1hu0rb dhp61c6y iyyx5f41" style="align-content: inherit; align-items: inherit; align-self: inherit; display: inherit; flex-direction: inherit; flex: inherit; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; justify-content: inherit; max-height: inherit; max-width: inherit; min-height: inherit; min-width: inherit; width: inherit;"><div aria-label="1 reaction; see who reacted to this" class="oajrlxb2 g5ia77u1 qu0x051f esr5mh6w e9989ue4 r7d6kgcz rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 nc684nl6 p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of lzcic4wl n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql l9j0dhe7 abiwlrkh p8dawk7l" role="button" style="-webkit-user-select: none; border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0"><div class="hyh9befq r8blr3vg n8tt0mok jwdofwj8 gl3lb2sf r9r71o1u j83agx80 ns4ygwem fykbt5ly hgaippwi fni8adji bp9cbjyn jkio9rs9 hn33210v" style="--t68779821: 0 1px 3px 0 var(--shadow-2); -webkit-box-shadow: var(--T68779821); align-items: center; border-bottom-left-radius: 10px; border-bottom-right-radius: 10px; border-top-left-radius: 10px; border-top-right-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 var(--shadow-2); display: flex; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.6875rem; height: 16px; padding: 2px;"><div class="b3onmgus rl25f0pe j83agx80 bp9cbjyn" style="align-items: center; display: flex; flex-direction: row-reverse; font-family: inherit; padding-left: 4px;"><span class="l9j0dhe7 lzcic4wl rl04r1d5 j83agx80 ns4ygwem fykbt5ly hgaippwi fni8adji nl6bj373 hn33210v" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 10px; border-bottom-right-radius: 10px; border-right: 2px solid var(--popover-background); border-top-left-radius: 10px; border-top-right-radius: 10px; display: flex; font-family: inherit; margin-left: -4px; outline: none; position: relative;"><img height="16" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' viewBox='0 0 16 16'%3e%3cdefs%3e%3clinearGradient id='a' x1='50%25' x2='50%25' y1='0%25' y2='100%25'%3e%3cstop offset='0%25' stop-color='%2318AFFF'/%3e%3cstop offset='100%25' stop-color='%230062DF'/%3e%3c/linearGradient%3e%3cfilter id='c' width='118.8%25' height='118.8%25' x='-9.4%25' y='-9.4%25' filterUnits='objectBoundingBox'%3e%3cfeGaussianBlur in='SourceAlpha' result='shadowBlurInner1' stdDeviation='1'/%3e%3cfeOffset dy='-1' in='shadowBlurInner1' result='shadowOffsetInner1'/%3e%3cfeComposite in='shadowOffsetInner1' in2='SourceAlpha' k2='-1' k3='1' operator='arithmetic' result='shadowInnerInner1'/%3e%3cfeColorMatrix in='shadowInnerInner1' values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.299356041 0 0 0 0 0.681187726 0 0 0 0.3495684 0'/%3e%3c/filter%3e%3cpath id='b' d='M8 0a8 8 0 00-8 8 8 8 0 1016 0 8 8 0 00-8-8z'/%3e%3c/defs%3e%3cg fill='none'%3e%3cuse fill='url(%23a)' xlink:href='%23b'/%3e%3cuse fill='black' filter='url(%23c)' xlink:href='%23b'/%3e%3cpath fill='white' d='M12.162 7.338c.176.123.338.245.338.674 0 .43-.229.604-.474.725a.73.73 0 01.089.546c-.077.344-.392.611-.672.69.121.194.159.385.015.62-.185.295-.346.407-1.058.407H7.5c-.988 0-1.5-.546-1.5-1V7.665c0-1.23 1.467-2.275 1.467-3.13L7.361 3.47c-.005-.065.008-.224.058-.27.08-.079.301-.2.635-.2.218 0 .363.041.534.123.581.277.732.978.732 1.542 0 .271-.414 1.083-.47 1.364 0 0 .867-.192 1.879-.199 1.061-.006 1.749.19 1.749.842 0 .261-.219.523-.316.666zM3.6 7h.8a.6.6 0 01.6.6v3.8a.6.6 0 01-.6.6h-.8a.6.6 0 01-.6-.6V7.6a.6.6 0 01.6-.6z'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e" style="border: 0px;" width="16" /></span></div><span class="g0qnabr5 hyh9befq qt6c0cv9 n8tt0mok jb3vyjys j5wam9gi knj5qynh e9vueds3 m9osqain" color="var(--secondary-text)" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; line-height: 1.2308; padding: 0px 2px; white-space: nowrap;">1</span></div><div class="n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; bottom: 0px; font-family: inherit; left: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: opacity; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></div></span></div></div></div></div><div class="q9uorilb sf5mxxl7 pgctjfs5" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: middle; width: 22px;"><div class="no6464jc b5wmifdl nv5ty6hh" style="font-family: inherit; margin-left: 11px; opacity: 0;"><span class="tojvnm2t a6sixzi8 abs2jz4q a8s20v7p t1p8iaqh k5wvi7nf q3lfd5jv pk4s997a bipmatt0 cebpdrjk qowsmv63 owwhemhu dp1hu0rb dhp61c6y iyyx5f41" style="align-content: inherit; align-items: inherit; align-self: inherit; display: inherit; flex-direction: inherit; flex: inherit; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; justify-content: inherit; max-height: inherit; max-width: inherit; min-height: inherit; min-width: inherit; width: inherit;"><div aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-label="Delete, hide or report this" class="oajrlxb2 gs1a9yip g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 pq6dq46d mg4g778l btwxx1t3 pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso l9j0dhe7 i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of du4w35lb lzcic4wl n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql abiwlrkh p8dawk7l dwo3fsh8 pzggbiyp pkj7ub1o bqnlxs5p kkg9azqs c24pa1uk ln9iyx3p fe6kdd0r ar1oviwq l10q8mi9 sq40qgkc s8quxz6p pdjglbur" role="button" style="-webkit-appearance: none; -webkit-user-select: none; align-items: stretch; border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; border: 0px solid var(--always-dark-overlay); box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: bottom; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><i class="hu5pjgll m6k467ps" data-visualcompletion="css-img" style="background-image: url("https://www.facebook.com/rsrc.php/v3/yE/r/mrCvbD_vSoR.png"); background-position: -136px -149px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; background-size: auto; display: inline-block; filter: var(--filter-secondary-icon); height: 16px; vertical-align: -0.25em; width: 16px;"></i><div class="s45kfl79 emlxlaya bkmhp75w spb7xbtv i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 50%; border-bottom-right-radius: 50%; border-top-left-radius: 50%; border-top-right-radius: 50%; bottom: -8px; font-family: inherit; left: -8px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: -8px; top: -8px; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: opacity; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></div></span></div></div></div><ul class="_6coi oygrvhab ozuftl9m l66bhrea linoseic" style="color: var(--secondary-text); display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 12px; min-height: 15px; padding: 3px 0px 0px;"><li class="_6coj" style="display: inline-block;"><span class="q9uorilb" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit;"><div class="l9j0dhe7 q9uorilb" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><div aria-label="Remove Like" class="oajrlxb2 bp9cbjyn g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 j83agx80 mg4g778l btwxx1t3 pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso l9j0dhe7 i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr gokke00a du4w35lb lzcic4wl n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql abiwlrkh p8dawk7l buofh1pr taijpn5t n3ffmt46" role="button" style="-webkit-user-select: none; align-items: center; border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; border: 0px solid var(--always-dark-overlay); box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex: 1 0 auto; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; justify-content: center; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; touch-action: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><div class="m9osqain nhd2j8a9 q9uorilb n3ffmt46 l9j0dhe7 gpro0wi8" style="color: #2078f4; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; position: relative;"><br /></div><div class="m9osqain nhd2j8a9 q9uorilb n3ffmt46 l9j0dhe7 gpro0wi8" style="color: #2078f4; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; position: relative;"><br /></div><div class="m9osqain nhd2j8a9 q9uorilb n3ffmt46 l9j0dhe7 gpro0wi8" style="color: #2078f4; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; position: relative;"><br /></div><div class="m9osqain nhd2j8a9 q9uorilb n3ffmt46 l9j0dhe7 gpro0wi8" style="color: #2078f4; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; position: relative;"><span class="q9uorilb sf5mxxl7" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: middle;"></span>Like</div></div><div aria-label="Change Like reaction" class="oajrlxb2 gs1a9yip g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 pq6dq46d mg4g778l btwxx1t3 pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab kkf49tns tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso pmk7jnqg i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of du4w35lb lzcic4wl n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql abiwlrkh p8dawk7l q45zohi1 g0aa4cga" role="button" style="-webkit-user-select: none; align-items: stretch; border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; border: 0px solid var(--always-dark-overlay); box-sizing: border-box; clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 4px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><i class="hu5pjgll m6k467ps" data-visualcompletion="css-img" style="background-image: url("https://www.facebook.com/rsrc.php/v3/yE/r/mrCvbD_vSoR.png"); background-position: -154px -166px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; background-size: auto; display: inline-block; filter: var(--filter-secondary-icon); height: 12px; vertical-align: -0.25em; width: 12px;"></i><div class="n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; bottom: 0px; font-family: inherit; left: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: opacity; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></div></span></div></span></li><li class="_6coj" style="display: inline-block;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="_6cok" color="var(--placeholder-icon)" style="font-family: inherit;"> · </span><div class="oajrlxb2 g5ia77u1 qu0x051f esr5mh6w e9989ue4 r7d6kgcz rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 q9uorilb p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of lzcic4wl m9osqain gpro0wi8 n3ffmt46 l9j0dhe7" role="button" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--secondary-text); cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0">Reply</div></li><li class="_6coj" style="display: inline-block;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="_6cok" color="var(--placeholder-icon)" style="font-family: inherit;"> · </span><span class="tojvnm2t a6sixzi8 abs2jz4q a8s20v7p t1p8iaqh k5wvi7nf q3lfd5jv pk4s997a bipmatt0 cebpdrjk qowsmv63 owwhemhu dp1hu0rb dhp61c6y iyyx5f41" color="var(--secondary-text)" style="align-content: inherit; align-items: inherit; align-self: inherit; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inherit; flex-direction: inherit; flex: inherit; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; justify-content: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; max-height: inherit; max-width: inherit; min-height: inherit; min-width: inherit; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; touch-action: manipulation; width: inherit;"><a class="oajrlxb2 g5ia77u1 qu0x051f esr5mh6w e9989ue4 r7d6kgcz rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 nc684nl6 p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of lzcic4wl m9osqain gpro0wi8 knj5qynh" href="https://www.facebook.com/mannie.gentile/posts/10220829112653415?comment_id=10220829244896721&__cft__[0]=AZUeAChhVzzH_4ULh2QMMglIqB9bh38XSfX2SKlcOWq6tY4vm2WmXwXQICwVFnEFS7Az8qcYb5y1VXhbXRsSwqQMvSUXJztY1gGZ8Dhd4viVXHsxplLg7m07FAcEeyiaTMI&__tn__=R]-R" role="link" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--secondary-text); cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0">16h</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div></li><li><div style="font-family: inherit;"><div aria-label="Comment by Kim Taylor 16 hours ago" class="l9j0dhe7 ecm0bbzt rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 dati1w0a j83agx80 btwxx1t3 lzcic4wl" role="article" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; font-family: inherit; outline: none; padding: 4px 0px 0px 16px; position: relative;" tabindex="-1"><div class="rj1gh0hx buofh1pr ni8dbmo4 stjgntxs hv4rvrfc" style="flex-basis: 0px; flex-grow: 1; font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; padding-right: 16px;"><ul class="_6coi oygrvhab ozuftl9m l66bhrea linoseic" style="color: var(--secondary-text); display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 12px; min-height: 15px; padding: 3px 0px 0px;"><li class="_6coj" style="display: inline-block;"></li></ul></div></div></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="kvgmc6g5 jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 d0szoon8" style="font-family: inherit; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 54px;"></div></div></li><li><div style="font-family: inherit;"><div aria-label="Comment by George F Franks III 7 hours ago" class="l9j0dhe7 ecm0bbzt rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 dati1w0a j83agx80 btwxx1t3 lzcic4wl" role="article" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; font-family: inherit; outline: none; padding: 4px 0px 0px 16px; position: relative;" tabindex="-1"><div class="nqmvxvec s45kfl79 emlxlaya bkmhp75w spb7xbtv a8c37x1j fv0vnmcu rs0gx3tq l9j0dhe7" style="align-self: flex-start; border-bottom-left-radius: 50%; border-bottom-right-radius: 50%; border-top-left-radius: 50%; border-top-right-radius: 50%; font-family: inherit; margin-right: 6px; margin-top: 2px; position: relative;"><span class="nc684nl6" style="display: inline; font-family: inherit;"><a aria-hidden="true" class="oajrlxb2 gs1a9yip g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 q9uorilb mg4g778l btwxx1t3 pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso l9j0dhe7 i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of du4w35lb lzcic4wl n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql abiwlrkh p8dawk7l" href="https://www.facebook.com/george.f.franks?comment_id=Y29tbWVudDoxMDIyMDgyOTExMjY1MzQxNV8xMDIyMDgzMDU1OTUyOTU4Ng%3D%3D&__cft__[0]=AZUeAChhVzzH_4ULh2QMMglIqB9bh38XSfX2SKlcOWq6tY4vm2WmXwXQICwVFnEFS7Az8qcYb5y1VXhbXRsSwqQMvSUXJztY1gGZ8Dhd4viVXHsxplLg7m07FAcEeyiaTMI&__tn__=R]-R" role="link" style="-webkit-user-select: none; align-items: stretch; border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; border: 0px solid var(--always-dark-overlay); box-sizing: border-box; color: #385898; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; touch-action: manipulation; z-index: 0;" tabindex="-1"><div class="q9uorilb l9j0dhe7 pzggbiyp du4w35lb" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; position: relative; vertical-align: bottom; z-index: 0;"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="pzggbiyp" data-visualcompletion="ignore-dynamic" role="none" style="height: 32px; width: 32px;"><mask id="jsc_c_7a9"><circle cx="16" cy="16" fill="white" r="16"></circle></mask><g mask="url(#jsc_c_7a9)"><image height="100%" preserveaspectratio="xMidYMid slice" style="height: 32px; width: 32px;" width="100%" x="0" xlink:href="https://scontent-iad3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.6435-1/cp0/p32x32/46472558_10155987117456239_8968898347008000000_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&ccb=1-5&_nc_sid=7206a8&_nc_ohc=LCpCt98IgXQAX_dpARr&tn=ElxqqiGyCirhIg0o&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-1.xx&oh=74fe960c0686dcfa64ce1928f6cfe954&oe=61D0F63B" y="0"></image><circle class="mlqo0dh0 georvekb s6kb5r3f" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle></g></svg></div><div class="s45kfl79 emlxlaya bkmhp75w spb7xbtv i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 50%; border-bottom-right-radius: 50%; border-top-left-radius: 50%; border-top-right-radius: 50%; bottom: 0px; font-family: inherit; left: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: opacity; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></a></span></div><div class="rj1gh0hx buofh1pr ni8dbmo4 stjgntxs hv4rvrfc" style="flex-basis: 0px; flex-grow: 1; font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; padding-right: 16px;"><div style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="q9uorilb bvz0fpym c1et5uql sf5mxxl7" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; max-width: calc(100% - 26px); vertical-align: middle; word-wrap: break-word;"><div class="_680y" style="display: inline-flex; font-family: inherit; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 494px;"><div class="_6cuy" style="flex: 1 1 auto; font-family: inherit; min-width: 0px; width: 494px;"><div class="b3i9ofy5 e72ty7fz qlfml3jp inkptoze qmr60zad rq0escxv oo9gr5id q9uorilb kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x d2edcug0 jm1wdb64 l9j0dhe7 l3itjdph qv66sw1b" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 18px; border-bottom-right-radius: 18px; border-top-left-radius: 18px; border-top-right-radius: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--primary-text); display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; position: relative; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;"><div class="tw6a2znq sj5x9vvc d1544ag0 cxgpxx05" style="font-family: inherit; padding: 8px 12px;"><div class="ecm0bbzt e5nlhep0 a8c37x1j" style="font-family: inherit; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql oi732d6d ik7dh3pa ht8s03o8 a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d9wwppkn fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v b1v8xokw oo9gr5id" color="var(--primary-text)" dir="auto" lang="en" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;"><div class="kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql" style="font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Been there many times. Probably as close as you can get to visiting a British colony these days. Very strict. Nice people. Good food. The cabbies spy on you. Great aquarium. Where are the British surrendered without a fight.</div></div></span></div></div></div></div><div class="_6cuq" style="bottom: -11px; font-family: inherit; position: absolute; right: 2px; z-index: 0;"><div style="font-family: inherit;"><span class="tojvnm2t a6sixzi8 abs2jz4q a8s20v7p t1p8iaqh k5wvi7nf q3lfd5jv pk4s997a bipmatt0 cebpdrjk qowsmv63 owwhemhu dp1hu0rb dhp61c6y iyyx5f41" style="align-content: inherit; align-items: inherit; align-self: inherit; display: inherit; flex-direction: inherit; flex: inherit; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; justify-content: inherit; max-height: inherit; max-width: inherit; min-height: inherit; min-width: inherit; width: inherit;"><div aria-label="1 reaction; see who reacted to this" class="oajrlxb2 g5ia77u1 qu0x051f esr5mh6w e9989ue4 r7d6kgcz rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 nc684nl6 p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of lzcic4wl n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql l9j0dhe7 abiwlrkh p8dawk7l" role="button" style="-webkit-user-select: none; 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font-family: inherit; padding-left: 4px;"><span class="l9j0dhe7 lzcic4wl rl04r1d5 j83agx80 ns4ygwem fykbt5ly hgaippwi fni8adji nl6bj373 hn33210v" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 10px; border-bottom-right-radius: 10px; border-right: 2px solid var(--popover-background); border-top-left-radius: 10px; border-top-right-radius: 10px; display: flex; font-family: inherit; margin-left: -4px; outline: none; position: relative;"><img height="16" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' viewBox='0 0 16 16'%3e%3cdefs%3e%3clinearGradient id='a' x1='50%25' x2='50%25' y1='0%25' y2='100%25'%3e%3cstop offset='0%25' stop-color='%2318AFFF'/%3e%3cstop offset='100%25' stop-color='%230062DF'/%3e%3c/linearGradient%3e%3cfilter id='c' width='118.8%25' height='118.8%25' x='-9.4%25' y='-9.4%25' filterUnits='objectBoundingBox'%3e%3cfeGaussianBlur in='SourceAlpha' result='shadowBlurInner1' stdDeviation='1'/%3e%3cfeOffset dy='-1' in='shadowBlurInner1' result='shadowOffsetInner1'/%3e%3cfeComposite in='shadowOffsetInner1' in2='SourceAlpha' k2='-1' k3='1' operator='arithmetic' result='shadowInnerInner1'/%3e%3cfeColorMatrix in='shadowInnerInner1' values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.299356041 0 0 0 0 0.681187726 0 0 0 0.3495684 0'/%3e%3c/filter%3e%3cpath id='b' d='M8 0a8 8 0 00-8 8 8 8 0 1016 0 8 8 0 00-8-8z'/%3e%3c/defs%3e%3cg fill='none'%3e%3cuse fill='url(%23a)' xlink:href='%23b'/%3e%3cuse fill='black' filter='url(%23c)' xlink:href='%23b'/%3e%3cpath fill='white' d='M12.162 7.338c.176.123.338.245.338.674 0 .43-.229.604-.474.725a.73.73 0 01.089.546c-.077.344-.392.611-.672.69.121.194.159.385.015.62-.185.295-.346.407-1.058.407H7.5c-.988 0-1.5-.546-1.5-1V7.665c0-1.23 1.467-2.275 1.467-3.13L7.361 3.47c-.005-.065.008-.224.058-.27.08-.079.301-.2.635-.2.218 0 .363.041.534.123.581.277.732.978.732 1.542 0 .271-.414 1.083-.47 1.364 0 0 .867-.192 1.879-.199 1.061-.006 1.749.19 1.749.842 0 .261-.219.523-.316.666zM3.6 7h.8a.6.6 0 01.6.6v3.8a.6.6 0 01-.6.6h-.8a.6.6 0 01-.6-.6V7.6a.6.6 0 01.6-.6z'/%3e%3c/g%3e%3c/svg%3e" style="border: 0px;" width="16" /></span></div><span class="g0qnabr5 hyh9befq qt6c0cv9 n8tt0mok jb3vyjys j5wam9gi knj5qynh e9vueds3 m9osqain" color="var(--secondary-text)" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.8125rem; line-height: 1.2308; padding: 0px 2px; white-space: nowrap;">1</span></div><div class="n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; bottom: 0px; font-family: inherit; left: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: opacity; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></div></span></div></div></div></div><div class="q9uorilb sf5mxxl7 pgctjfs5" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: middle; width: 22px;"><div class="no6464jc b5wmifdl nv5ty6hh" style="font-family: inherit; margin-left: 11px; opacity: 0;"><span class="tojvnm2t a6sixzi8 abs2jz4q a8s20v7p t1p8iaqh k5wvi7nf q3lfd5jv pk4s997a bipmatt0 cebpdrjk qowsmv63 owwhemhu dp1hu0rb dhp61c6y iyyx5f41" style="align-content: inherit; align-items: inherit; align-self: inherit; display: inherit; flex-direction: inherit; flex: inherit; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; justify-content: inherit; max-height: inherit; max-width: inherit; min-height: inherit; min-width: inherit; width: inherit;"><div aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu" aria-label="Delete, hide or report this" class="oajrlxb2 gs1a9yip g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 pq6dq46d mg4g778l btwxx1t3 pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso l9j0dhe7 i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of du4w35lb lzcic4wl n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql abiwlrkh p8dawk7l dwo3fsh8 pzggbiyp pkj7ub1o bqnlxs5p kkg9azqs c24pa1uk ln9iyx3p fe6kdd0r ar1oviwq l10q8mi9 sq40qgkc s8quxz6p pdjglbur" role="button" style="-webkit-appearance: none; -webkit-user-select: none; align-items: stretch; border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; border: 0px solid var(--always-dark-overlay); box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation; vertical-align: bottom; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><i class="hu5pjgll m6k467ps" data-visualcompletion="css-img" style="background-image: url("https://www.facebook.com/rsrc.php/v3/yE/r/mrCvbD_vSoR.png"); background-position: -136px -149px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; background-size: auto; display: inline-block; filter: var(--filter-secondary-icon); height: 16px; vertical-align: -0.25em; width: 16px;"></i><div class="s45kfl79 emlxlaya bkmhp75w spb7xbtv i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 50%; border-bottom-right-radius: 50%; border-top-left-radius: 50%; border-top-right-radius: 50%; bottom: -8px; font-family: inherit; left: -8px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: -8px; top: -8px; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: opacity; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></div></span></div></div></div><ul class="_6coi oygrvhab ozuftl9m l66bhrea linoseic" style="color: var(--secondary-text); display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; line-height: 12px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 12px; min-height: 15px; padding: 3px 0px 0px;"><li class="_6coj" style="display: inline-block;"><span class="q9uorilb" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit;"><div class="l9j0dhe7 q9uorilb" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; position: relative;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><div aria-label="Remove Like" class="oajrlxb2 bp9cbjyn g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 j83agx80 mg4g778l btwxx1t3 pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso l9j0dhe7 i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr gokke00a du4w35lb lzcic4wl n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql abiwlrkh p8dawk7l buofh1pr taijpn5t n3ffmt46" role="button" style="-webkit-user-select: none; align-items: center; border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; border: 0px solid var(--always-dark-overlay); box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex: 1 0 auto; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; justify-content: center; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; touch-action: none; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><div class="m9osqain nhd2j8a9 q9uorilb n3ffmt46 l9j0dhe7 gpro0wi8" style="color: #2078f4; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; position: relative;"><span class="q9uorilb sf5mxxl7" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: middle;"></span>Like</div></div><div aria-label="Change Like reaction" class="oajrlxb2 gs1a9yip g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 pq6dq46d mg4g778l btwxx1t3 pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab kkf49tns tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso pmk7jnqg i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of du4w35lb lzcic4wl n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql abiwlrkh p8dawk7l q45zohi1 g0aa4cga" role="button" style="-webkit-user-select: none; align-items: stretch; border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; border: 0px solid var(--always-dark-overlay); box-sizing: border-box; clip-path: polygon(0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px, 0px 0px); clip: rect(0px, 0px, 0px, 0px); cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 4px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: absolute; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation; z-index: 0;" tabindex="0"><i class="hu5pjgll m6k467ps" data-visualcompletion="css-img" style="background-image: url("https://www.facebook.com/rsrc.php/v3/yE/r/mrCvbD_vSoR.png"); background-position: -154px -166px; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; background-size: auto; display: inline-block; filter: var(--filter-secondary-icon); height: 12px; vertical-align: -0.25em; width: 12px;"></i><div class="n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; bottom: 0px; font-family: inherit; left: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: opacity; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></div></span></div></span></li><li class="_6coj" style="display: inline-block;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="_6cok" color="var(--placeholder-icon)" style="font-family: inherit;"> · </span><div class="oajrlxb2 g5ia77u1 qu0x051f esr5mh6w e9989ue4 r7d6kgcz rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 q9uorilb p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of lzcic4wl m9osqain gpro0wi8 n3ffmt46 l9j0dhe7" role="button" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--secondary-text); cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0">Reply</div></li><li class="_6coj" style="display: inline-block;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="_6cok" color="var(--placeholder-icon)" style="font-family: inherit;"> · </span><a class="oajrlxb2 g5ia77u1 qu0x051f esr5mh6w e9989ue4 r7d6kgcz rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 nc684nl6 p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of lzcic4wl m9osqain gpro0wi8 knj5qynh" href="https://www.facebook.com/mannie.gentile/posts/10220829112653415?comment_id=10220830559529586&__cft__[0]=AZUeAChhVzzH_4ULh2QMMglIqB9bh38XSfX2SKlcOWq6tY4vm2WmXwXQICwVFnEFS7Az8qcYb5y1VXhbXRsSwqQMvSUXJztY1gGZ8Dhd4viVXHsxplLg7m07FAcEeyiaTMI&__tn__=R]-R" role="link" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--secondary-text); cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0"><span class="tojvnm2t a6sixzi8 abs2jz4q a8s20v7p t1p8iaqh k5wvi7nf q3lfd5jv pk4s997a bipmatt0 cebpdrjk qowsmv63 owwhemhu dp1hu0rb dhp61c6y iyyx5f41" style="align-content: inherit; align-items: inherit; align-self: inherit; display: inherit; flex-direction: inherit; flex: inherit; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; justify-content: inherit; max-height: inherit; max-width: inherit; min-height: inherit; min-width: inherit; width: inherit;">7h</span></a></li><li class="_6coj" style="display: inline-block;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="_6cok" color="var(--placeholder-icon)" style="font-family: inherit;"> · </span><span class="tojvnm2t a6sixzi8 abs2jz4q a8s20v7p t1p8iaqh k5wvi7nf q3lfd5jv pk4s997a bipmatt0 cebpdrjk qowsmv63 owwhemhu dp1hu0rb dhp61c6y iyyx5f41" style="align-content: inherit; align-items: inherit; align-self: inherit; display: inherit; flex-direction: inherit; flex: inherit; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; justify-content: inherit; max-height: inherit; max-width: inherit; min-height: inherit; min-width: inherit; width: inherit;"><div class="oajrlxb2 g5ia77u1 qu0x051f esr5mh6w e9989ue4 r7d6kgcz rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 nc684nl6 p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of lzcic4wl m9osqain gpro0wi8" role="button" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--secondary-text); cursor: pointer; display: inline; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-align: inherit; touch-action: manipulation;" tabindex="0">Edited</div></span></li></ul></div></div></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="kvgmc6g5 jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 d0szoon8" style="font-family: inherit; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 54px;"></div></div></li><li><div><div aria-label="Comment by Ben Sharpe 5 hours ago" class="l9j0dhe7 ecm0bbzt rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 dati1w0a j83agx80 btwxx1t3 lzcic4wl" role="article" style="display: flex; flex-direction: row; outline: none; padding: 4px 0px 0px 16px; position: relative;" tabindex="-1"><div class="nqmvxvec s45kfl79 emlxlaya bkmhp75w spb7xbtv a8c37x1j fv0vnmcu rs0gx3tq l9j0dhe7" style="align-self: flex-start; border-bottom-left-radius: 50%; border-bottom-right-radius: 50%; border-top-left-radius: 50%; border-top-right-radius: 50%; font-family: inherit; margin-right: 6px; margin-top: 2px; position: relative;"><span class="nc684nl6" style="display: inline; font-family: inherit;"><a aria-hidden="true" class="oajrlxb2 gs1a9yip g5ia77u1 mtkw9kbi tlpljxtp qensuy8j ppp5ayq2 goun2846 ccm00jje s44p3ltw mk2mc5f4 rt8b4zig n8ej3o3l agehan2d sk4xxmp2 rq0escxv nhd2j8a9 q9uorilb mg4g778l btwxx1t3 pfnyh3mw p7hjln8o kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x tgvbjcpo hpfvmrgz jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 a8nywdso l9j0dhe7 i1ao9s8h esuyzwwr f1sip0of du4w35lb lzcic4wl n00je7tq arfg74bv qs9ysxi8 k77z8yql abiwlrkh p8dawk7l" href="https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100034641408215&comment_id=Y29tbWVudDoxMDIyMDgyOTExMjY1MzQxNV8xMDIyMDgzMDg1NzEzNzAyNg%3D%3D&__cft__[0]=AZUeAChhVzzH_4ULh2QMMglIqB9bh38XSfX2SKlcOWq6tY4vm2WmXwXQICwVFnEFS7Az8qcYb5y1VXhbXRsSwqQMvSUXJztY1gGZ8Dhd4viVXHsxplLg7m07FAcEeyiaTMI&__tn__=R]-R" role="link" style="-webkit-user-select: none; align-items: stretch; border-bottom-left-radius: inherit; border-bottom-right-radius: inherit; border-top-left-radius: inherit; border-top-right-radius: inherit; border: 0px solid var(--always-dark-overlay); box-sizing: border-box; color: #385898; cursor: pointer; display: inline-block; flex-basis: auto; flex-direction: row; flex-shrink: 0; font-family: inherit; list-style: none; margin: 0px; min-height: 0px; min-width: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: inherit; text-decoration: none; touch-action: manipulation; z-index: 0;" tabindex="-1"><div class="q9uorilb l9j0dhe7 pzggbiyp du4w35lb" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; position: relative; vertical-align: bottom; z-index: 0;"><svg aria-hidden="true" class="pzggbiyp" data-visualcompletion="ignore-dynamic" role="none" style="height: 32px; width: 32px;"><mask id="jsc_c_72v"><circle cx="16" cy="16" fill="white" r="16"></circle></mask><g mask="url(#jsc_c_72v)"><image height="100%" preserveaspectratio="xMidYMid slice" style="height: 32px; width: 32px;" width="100%" x="0" xlink:href="https://scontent-iad3-2.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.6435-1/cp0/p32x32/123820879_425322505299126_8662764436982754041_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&ccb=1-5&_nc_sid=7206a8&_nc_ohc=etGhyDt2idYAX9U7EkY&_nc_ht=scontent-iad3-2.xx&oh=856f3ab33bad11900d5b2801bb1b2bb4&oe=61CF47A1" y="0"></image><circle class="mlqo0dh0 georvekb s6kb5r3f" cx="16" cy="16" r="16"></circle></g></svg></div><div class="s45kfl79 emlxlaya bkmhp75w spb7xbtv i09qtzwb n7fi1qx3 b5wmifdl hzruof5a pmk7jnqg j9ispegn kr520xx4 c5ndavph art1omkt ot9fgl3s rnr61an3" data-visualcompletion="ignore" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 50%; border-bottom-right-radius: 50%; border-top-left-radius: 50%; border-top-right-radius: 50%; bottom: 0px; font-family: inherit; left: 0px; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; right: 0px; top: 0px; transition-duration: var(--fds-duration-extra-extra-short-out); transition-property: opacity; transition-timing-function: var(--fds-animation-fade-out);"></div></a></span></div><div class="rj1gh0hx buofh1pr ni8dbmo4 stjgntxs hv4rvrfc" style="flex-basis: 0px; flex-grow: 1; font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; padding-right: 16px;"><div style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="q9uorilb bvz0fpym c1et5uql sf5mxxl7" style="display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; max-width: calc(100% - 26px); vertical-align: middle; word-wrap: break-word;"><div class="_680y" style="display: inline-flex; font-family: inherit; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 243.28125px;"><div class="_6cuy" style="flex: 1 1 auto; font-family: inherit; min-width: 0px; width: 243.28125px;"><div class="b3i9ofy5 e72ty7fz qlfml3jp inkptoze qmr60zad rq0escxv oo9gr5id q9uorilb kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x d2edcug0 jm1wdb64 l9j0dhe7 l3itjdph qv66sw1b" style="border-bottom-left-radius: 18px; border-bottom-right-radius: 18px; border-top-left-radius: 18px; border-top-right-radius: 18px; box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--primary-text); display: inline-block; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; position: relative; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;"><div class="tw6a2znq sj5x9vvc d1544ag0 cxgpxx05" style="font-family: inherit; padding: 8px 12px;"><div class="ecm0bbzt e5nlhep0 a8c37x1j" style="font-family: inherit; padding-bottom: 4px; padding-top: 4px;"><span class="d2edcug0 hpfvmrgz qv66sw1b c1et5uql oi732d6d ik7dh3pa ht8s03o8 a8c37x1j keod5gw0 nxhoafnm aigsh9s9 d9wwppkn fe6kdd0r mau55g9w c8b282yb iv3no6db jq4qci2q a3bd9o3v b1v8xokw oo9gr5id" color="var(--primary-text)" dir="auto" lang="en" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; display: block; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1.3333; max-width: 100%; min-width: 0px; word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word;"><div class="kvgmc6g5 cxmmr5t8 oygrvhab hcukyx3x c1et5uql" style="font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word;"><div dir="auto" style="font-family: inherit;">Yes, in 1997. Hot and expensive</div></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="rj1gh0hx buofh1pr ni8dbmo4 stjgntxs hv4rvrfc" style="flex-basis: 0px; flex-grow: 1; font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; padding-right: 16px;"></div><div class="rj1gh0hx buofh1pr ni8dbmo4 stjgntxs hv4rvrfc" style="flex-basis: 0px; flex-grow: 1; font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; padding-right: 16px;"><br /></div></div></div><div style="font-family: inherit;"><div class="kvgmc6g5 jb3vyjys rz4wbd8a qt6c0cv9 d0szoon8" style="font-family: inherit; margin-top: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 54px;"></div></div></li></ul><div class="j83agx80 bkfpd7mw jb3vyjys hv4rvrfc qt6c0cv9 dati1w0a l9j0dhe7" style="display: flex; font-family: inherit; justify-content: flex-end; padding: 0px 16px; position: relative; text-align: start;"></div><div class="stjgntxs ni8dbmo4" style="font-family: inherit; overflow: hidden; text-align: start;"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" style="text-align: start;" /></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium; text-align: center;">My minimal research tells me that Singapore is very wealthy, very safe, very beautiful, and more than a little authoritarian with a certain distrust of democracy. It is also illegal to chew gum, parade nude in your own home, and gatherings of more than three people are prohibited. Seems like they would have more pressing things to worry about.</span><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Singapore has a well-funded military, spending one of every four dollars on their armed forces, but with Red China at the front door, ample military spending may be pointless considering that the active-duty membership of the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) is around seventy five thousand troops and China is 2.19 million. Though to be accurate Singapore has mandatory conscription with reserve obligation to age 42. This means that Singapore would be able to field a little more than a million troops...provided that they have enough time to do it.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Nonetheless, small and well-funded, the SAF has some great gear, including this kevlar helmet from the 1990s.</span></div><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rHUOAhR06oM/YalHg9KBuVI/AAAAAAAAtQI/N1Jfa2OVpIwJ6J81cE4e73oP6ePEnlXnQCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_154329.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rHUOAhR06oM/YalHg9KBuVI/AAAAAAAAtQI/N1Jfa2OVpIwJ6J81cE4e73oP6ePEnlXnQCNcBGAsYHQ/w300-h400/20211202_154329.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The m.C1 is manufactured in South Korea for export to Singapore. Too tiny to have an industrial base, but wealthy enough to order out, Singapore gets most of its military materiel from abroad...and only the best.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Cob0F0_KSII/YalHgirqICI/AAAAAAAAtQE/HeQSNywsGWMNTWnTYITRQRR6Zi96p0j3ACNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_154337.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="849" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Cob0F0_KSII/YalHgirqICI/AAAAAAAAtQE/HeQSNywsGWMNTWnTYITRQRR6Zi96p0j3ACNcBGAsYHQ/w331-h400/20211202_154337.jpg" width="331" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">By way of comparison, here's the SAF helmet on the left and the first-generation US kevlar PASGT helmet on the right.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1M4P8VJkEvI/Ya1ALQnPILI/AAAAAAAAtSw/XMVnfLcXzgMuKiVc7yS44HxsSO7KqZPSACNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/k1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="732" data-original-width="1024" height="229" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1M4P8VJkEvI/Ya1ALQnPILI/AAAAAAAAtSw/XMVnfLcXzgMuKiVc7yS44HxsSO7KqZPSACNcBGAsYHQ/s320/k1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The shells and the screw placement are identical, the only visible differences are the finish...</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6oNvBQif-_E/Ya1ALQYIamI/AAAAAAAAtSs/VLpA_agcow4agvqlLFGJxNkdFGH9R17VQCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/k2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="240" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6oNvBQif-_E/Ya1ALQYIamI/AAAAAAAAtSs/VLpA_agcow4agvqlLFGJxNkdFGH9R17VQCNcBGAsYHQ/s320/k2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">and the manner of fastening the chinstrap bails - screws on the American, and rivets on the SAF.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jvLLuZJVmqo/Ya1ALcn8T_I/AAAAAAAAtSo/Kj-rCW999as2B5YPjkJhoCoAv-iG0BJXACNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/k3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="240" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jvLLuZJVmqo/Ya1ALcn8T_I/AAAAAAAAtSo/Kj-rCW999as2B5YPjkJhoCoAv-iG0BJXACNcBGAsYHQ/s320/k3.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Compared to a US airborne kevlar, one sees that the m.C1 also has the foam jump-pad in the rear. This, and the three-point chinstrap makes me think that the SAFis airborne as well.</span></div></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3ft32DIrM2s/YalHghx0ZvI/AAAAAAAAtQA/6a31PlP21MIYnhCRFbgBlb8BbtesbMW3gCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_154343.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3ft32DIrM2s/YalHghx0ZvI/AAAAAAAAtQA/6a31PlP21MIYnhCRFbgBlb8BbtesbMW3gCNcBGAsYHQ/w300-h400/20211202_154343.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The helmet was adopted by the SAF in 1989.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BpYAM2gvnSs/YalHgzpRXcI/AAAAAAAAtQM/HMafCoeAg386c_HOxaK3fQROueuYfwwOwCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_154351.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BpYAM2gvnSs/YalHgzpRXcI/AAAAAAAAtQM/HMafCoeAg386c_HOxaK3fQROueuYfwwOwCNcBGAsYHQ/w300-h400/20211202_154351.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The US introduced the Kevlar helmet in 1982, so, though not an early adopter, Singapore did get with the ballistic-fiber program in a timely fashion.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WYOnCIkt-J4/YalHgxoCCHI/AAAAAAAAtQQ/w7L9niDzF3ETovhudeo_TJa6j2xstcJ5wCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_154406.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WYOnCIkt-J4/YalHgxoCCHI/AAAAAAAAtQQ/w7L9niDzF3ETovhudeo_TJa6j2xstcJ5wCNcBGAsYHQ/w300-h400/20211202_154406.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-F2o2rffUcaM/YalHhLeWqyI/AAAAAAAAtQU/8cn7OpPfHA8-Ql8UCquw7DaUSLSppgFrwCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_154418.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-F2o2rffUcaM/YalHhLeWqyI/AAAAAAAAtQU/8cn7OpPfHA8-Ql8UCquw7DaUSLSppgFrwCNcBGAsYHQ/w300-h400/20211202_154418.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N8yaz-1zFco/YalHhD7VGKI/AAAAAAAAtQY/0NcpubVPf3wu-GpaqloKzIDT6G4whTFygCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_154426.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-N8yaz-1zFco/YalHhD7VGKI/AAAAAAAAtQY/0NcpubVPf3wu-GpaqloKzIDT6G4whTFygCNcBGAsYHQ/w300-h400/20211202_154426.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The factory-finish woodland pattern adds to the effectiveness of the helmet for the soldier, as well as the attractiveness of this helmet to my collection.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eGVjcX2Gy5A/YalHhEw2qWI/AAAAAAAAtQc/95mN2De7JyU7aKNkgOLkaOAGnjkWQCZEQCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_154434.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-eGVjcX2Gy5A/YalHhEw2qWI/AAAAAAAAtQc/95mN2De7JyU7aKNkgOLkaOAGnjkWQCZEQCNcBGAsYHQ/w300-h400/20211202_154434.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OZp_TkXTJjQ/YalHhQxPazI/AAAAAAAAtQg/eTh14XxLuewYikhKnISsP3ZCOAeLFjrzgCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_154443.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-OZp_TkXTJjQ/YalHhQxPazI/AAAAAAAAtQg/eTh14XxLuewYikhKnISsP3ZCOAeLFjrzgCNcBGAsYHQ/w300-h400/20211202_154443.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">As with the PASGT, the suspension is affixed with screws.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WZb8byGDOTw/YalHhS-ewxI/AAAAAAAAtQk/pCYfutYZQjA_UnwKRYRLOoBp2ohZKedsgCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_154459.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WZb8byGDOTw/YalHhS-ewxI/AAAAAAAAtQk/pCYfutYZQjA_UnwKRYRLOoBp2ohZKedsgCNcBGAsYHQ/w300-h400/20211202_154459.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">As mentioned, rivets affix the three-point chinstrap.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-De7IWZ93Bbk/YalHhYoUZyI/AAAAAAAAtQo/79vV23Nx8E4u_EHvXGtWyVvU9pvW71L4wCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_154506.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-De7IWZ93Bbk/YalHhYoUZyI/AAAAAAAAtQo/79vV23Nx8E4u_EHvXGtWyVvU9pvW71L4wCNcBGAsYHQ/w300-h400/20211202_154506.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MRQD73HIxaI/YalHhQs_GSI/AAAAAAAAtQs/ufs17v0GE_sGwsofLe43-EUk66huoY-8QCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_154517.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MRQD73HIxaI/YalHhQs_GSI/AAAAAAAAtQs/ufs17v0GE_sGwsofLe43-EUk66huoY-8QCNcBGAsYHQ/w300-h400/20211202_154517.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LnLl1KQrpzA/YalHhp5BDbI/AAAAAAAAtQw/yaaXrYynZAsRlEsL0kvrjFPcqHw6ZQsCwCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_154524.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LnLl1KQrpzA/YalHhp5BDbI/AAAAAAAAtQw/yaaXrYynZAsRlEsL0kvrjFPcqHw6ZQsCwCNcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/20211202_154524.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Like most airborne helmets since the 1940s, a rudimentary chin-cup is integrated into the strap.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1ggTrtuGuPw/YalHhui-39I/AAAAAAAAtQ0/bUM5VcCwbaMEiAFqhgeC2WyRw1NcBE57wCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_154534.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1ggTrtuGuPw/YalHhui-39I/AAAAAAAAtQ0/bUM5VcCwbaMEiAFqhgeC2WyRw1NcBE57wCNcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/20211202_154534.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The chinstrap furniture is blackened brass. The strap is fully adjustable.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xudjN69JatM/YalHhxTIE-I/AAAAAAAAtQ4/hUm6dsqX8aU6-fU74Zre-4IU2UEU_vIWwCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_154617.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-xudjN69JatM/YalHhxTIE-I/AAAAAAAAtQ4/hUm6dsqX8aU6-fU74Zre-4IU2UEU_vIWwCNcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/20211202_154617.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The release is velcro and very easy to use in a one-handed manner.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4lbmsfA0ygo/YalHh_P5aXI/AAAAAAAAtQ8/vHcm1wrrmq4f25MnkXrFWioNWgfI3UmsQCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_154655.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4lbmsfA0ygo/YalHh_P5aXI/AAAAAAAAtQ8/vHcm1wrrmq4f25MnkXrFWioNWgfI3UmsQCNcBGAsYHQ/w300-h400/20211202_154655.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The suspension is the familiar and reliable Riddell-style that has been with us since the Second World War.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ufFOxlvyR8o/YalHiLBsA-I/AAAAAAAAtRA/U26Nr2liN5wxC8-dpcdgpQjByENaD0phgCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_154723.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1005" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ufFOxlvyR8o/YalHiLBsA-I/AAAAAAAAtRA/U26Nr2liN5wxC8-dpcdgpQjByENaD0phgCNcBGAsYHQ/w393-h400/20211202_154723.jpg" width="393" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The m.C1 was delivered in both woodland pattern camouflage and flat olive.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-C_OnUT8A8Dk/YalHip0ATII/AAAAAAAAtRI/KGiySD--Haw4Jo58YjKthgt74AjPOJhwgCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_154748.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="651" data-original-width="1024" height="254" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-C_OnUT8A8Dk/YalHip0ATII/AAAAAAAAtRI/KGiySD--Haw4Jo58YjKthgt74AjPOJhwgCNcBGAsYHQ/w400-h254/20211202_154748.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Silver Star of South Korea is the exclusive manufacturer of the helmets supplied to the SAF.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RqSmNtg9htE/YalHjNvQwSI/AAAAAAAAtRE/UVyuJ8kmMn4vAkt9L7Xv_Xk9mbPgmUzLACNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_154813.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RqSmNtg9htE/YalHjNvQwSI/AAAAAAAAtRE/UVyuJ8kmMn4vAkt9L7Xv_Xk9mbPgmUzLACNcBGAsYHQ/w300-h400/20211202_154813.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Vlrn4Zluo08/YalHj4R5RHI/AAAAAAAAtRQ/wtkHm5akn8UtTIv2svTStlEguNowEv0fwCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_155007.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Vlrn4Zluo08/YalHj4R5RHI/AAAAAAAAtRQ/wtkHm5akn8UtTIv2svTStlEguNowEv0fwCNcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/20211202_155007.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The clips that attach the headband to the suspension are also no strangers to those familiar with the American version.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zB4PHwR7KmE/YalHj1xW--I/AAAAAAAAtRU/Q2tEhTUcX1w62u5bKfrPckcB2iTml0cSQCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_155109.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zB4PHwR7KmE/YalHj1xW--I/AAAAAAAAtRU/Q2tEhTUcX1w62u5bKfrPckcB2iTml0cSQCNcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/20211202_155109.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ge1tA_r8GFk/YalHjwhHFII/AAAAAAAAtRY/WKjiElgRt8EuMVnCxTqLsTrcoG6MKYz-QCNcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20211202_155257.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ge1tA_r8GFk/YalHjwhHFII/AAAAAAAAtRY/WKjiElgRt8EuMVnCxTqLsTrcoG6MKYz-QCNcBGAsYHQ/w300-h400/20211202_155257.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Given the tiny size of the SAF, I guess it shouldn't be unexpected that I was able to find so few photographs of this helmet in field use.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SE2KySXFRCk/YalHkNCJz6I/AAAAAAAAtRc/jBuiHzXl6PkuKHSKVeawUCHaagJd6K12QCNcBGAsYHQ/s600/Singapore%2B1987.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="305" data-original-width="600" height="204" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SE2KySXFRCk/YalHkNCJz6I/AAAAAAAAtRc/jBuiHzXl6PkuKHSKVeawUCHaagJd6K12QCNcBGAsYHQ/w400-h204/Singapore%2B1987.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ov0WR-CmSzE/YalHkfPT9hI/AAAAAAAAtRo/_uKIL1n7sB01414w-Bv1GkrF_FCIfcl0wCNcBGAsYHQ/s768/singapore%2B1990.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="512" data-original-width="768" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ov0WR-CmSzE/YalHkfPT9hI/AAAAAAAAtRo/_uKIL1n7sB01414w-Bv1GkrF_FCIfcl0wCNcBGAsYHQ/w400-h266/singapore%2B1990.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Xe9h2BWyXw0/YalHkEd-nVI/AAAAAAAAtRk/KVyJNEVNg1Iz9tmjiOW5HiFRJAxl6akMwCNcBGAsYHQ/s1000/singapore%2B%2526%2Bus%2Bnavy.JPEG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="665" data-original-width="1000" height="266" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Xe9h2BWyXw0/YalHkEd-nVI/AAAAAAAAtRk/KVyJNEVNg1Iz9tmjiOW5HiFRJAxl6akMwCNcBGAsYHQ/w400-h266/singapore%2B%2526%2Bus%2Bnavy.JPEG" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-k8-sUiuIC6M/YalHkRc3RAI/AAAAAAAAtRs/FIPCBLlOWBM0Fu2VWLPpZ_UENlnkWOYtQCNcBGAsYHQ/s300/singapore%2Bstamp.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="276" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-k8-sUiuIC6M/YalHkRc3RAI/AAAAAAAAtRs/FIPCBLlOWBM0Fu2VWLPpZ_UENlnkWOYtQCNcBGAsYHQ/w368-h400/singapore%2Bstamp.jpeg" width="368" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Although the Singapore Armed Forces may be no match for the People's Liberation Army...</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FLtc2V9CiWU/Ya1FiUNjWfI/AAAAAAAAtTA/ugbtbAwO7ks0TRmAJVHD-9cETXMswVijQCNcBGAsYHQ/s1600/gum%2B2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="684" data-original-width="1600" height="171" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-FLtc2V9CiWU/Ya1FiUNjWfI/AAAAAAAAtTA/ugbtbAwO7ks0TRmAJVHD-9cETXMswVijQCNcBGAsYHQ/w400-h171/gum%2B2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">just let the invaders try and get away with chewing gum.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">See you next time with another cool helmet from the collection.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Mannie</span></div><br /> <p></p></div></div>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-59435497788256950982021-11-24T13:51:00.008-08:002021-12-08T16:26:17.266-08:00Germany WWI camouflage m.16 combat helmet<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">My favorite helmet, and, next to the Berndorfer, the showpiece of my collection. I acquired this helmet from the owner of our local town museum. It had been on display there for decades. This helmet is fabulous for many reasons, all of which will be revealed.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">This is a World War I German m.16 combat helmet with painted three-color geometric camouflage pattern.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nOgnBeY3_J8/YVT7_DMLPoI/AAAAAAAAtE8/TqoE9iiYVPQhMybeNRL9Skdr6881-bFkgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210926_180638.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nOgnBeY3_J8/YVT7_DMLPoI/AAAAAAAAtE8/TqoE9iiYVPQhMybeNRL9Skdr6881-bFkgCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/20210926_180638.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The profile of the classic German Sthalhelm.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rgFxt94fU1Y/YVT7_Po70EI/AAAAAAAAtFA/0rdMIvgUQdUdzFTf63wcjIPRU81_pmZ8wCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210926_180648.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rgFxt94fU1Y/YVT7_Po70EI/AAAAAAAAtFA/0rdMIvgUQdUdzFTf63wcjIPRU81_pmZ8wCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/20210926_180648.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Giy73uvbMtc/YVT7_IturAI/AAAAAAAAtFE/Xo9ipYBFUPMy0VRkzkyTo10B3he6cqHZgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210926_180657.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Giy73uvbMtc/YVT7_IturAI/AAAAAAAAtFE/Xo9ipYBFUPMy0VRkzkyTo10B3he6cqHZgCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/20210926_180657.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GoZe3ZmVH-8/YVT7_b5kVsI/AAAAAAAAtFM/yC3m9d8nacc0sq3vw5c2AB77qVHWakNHgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210926_180711.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GoZe3ZmVH-8/YVT7_b5kVsI/AAAAAAAAtFM/yC3m9d8nacc0sq3vw5c2AB77qVHWakNHgCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/20210926_180711.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Painted in brown, green, and tan, each color is separated by a thick "finger-width" black line.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mQMHkziifHE/YVT7_89JFDI/AAAAAAAAtFI/3zyOapMk-ks0T9HRd6h-RCZ_mYtKteeOgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210926_180732.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mQMHkziifHE/YVT7_89JFDI/AAAAAAAAtFI/3zyOapMk-ks0T9HRd6h-RCZ_mYtKteeOgCLcBGAsYHQ/w300-h400/20210926_180732.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-l_sYESW7ETw/YVT8R5Jm78I/AAAAAAAAtF4/_c5t-lhjmfsE7iej5g7qeoZvKzunfPntQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210929_183650.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-l_sYESW7ETw/YVT8R5Jm78I/AAAAAAAAtF4/_c5t-lhjmfsE7iej5g7qeoZvKzunfPntQCLcBGAsYHQ/w300-h400/20210929_183650.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The ventilation lugs are of the "stepped" variety.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EEhb_hJ3SL4/YVT8Rr-skyI/AAAAAAAAtF0/KY1tiJKMwL0J6p_WiGTWG9Ljpz7Y18aQgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210929_183703.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="953" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-EEhb_hJ3SL4/YVT8Rr-skyI/AAAAAAAAtF0/KY1tiJKMwL0J6p_WiGTWG9Ljpz7Y18aQgCLcBGAsYHQ/w373-h400/20210929_183703.jpg" width="373" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HvUp0BB6bxw/YVT8Ry6ZgXI/AAAAAAAAtF8/WokG3ZzVHw0ALDpF4oZuvtOxOk2aye4MACLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210929_183748.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HvUp0BB6bxw/YVT8Ry6ZgXI/AAAAAAAAtF8/WokG3ZzVHw0ALDpF4oZuvtOxOk2aye4MACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/20210929_183748.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The paint remains very much intact and vivid. This has been in a museum collection for many years. </span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IPL2GPyfBNs/YVT8SJDtJeI/AAAAAAAAtGE/cvn4HHe-o7ArFPBETichYcoy80JNGPoXgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210929_183832.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IPL2GPyfBNs/YVT8SJDtJeI/AAAAAAAAtGE/cvn4HHe-o7ArFPBETichYcoy80JNGPoXgCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/20210929_183832.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The marks left by the brush used to apply the paint are very much in evidence.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1OVn-xpdVZ0/YVT8SOLU0_I/AAAAAAAAtGI/KkPDNaibwo4Be4OR0sDqr6Op1fXMwJEJgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210929_183929.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1OVn-xpdVZ0/YVT8SOLU0_I/AAAAAAAAtGI/KkPDNaibwo4Be4OR0sDqr6Op1fXMwJEJgCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/20210929_183929.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The name of the soldier is written inside the skirt.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WDx8n-LD8ko/YVT8SC2LUtI/AAAAAAAAtGM/wGmtQDAI1sAY40bXaBbx9UI8ltJQhJ_lgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210929_184240.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="781" data-original-width="1024" height="305" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WDx8n-LD8ko/YVT8SC2LUtI/AAAAAAAAtGM/wGmtQDAI1sAY40bXaBbx9UI8ltJQhJ_lgCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h305/20210929_184240.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">The m.16 is distinguished from the later m.17 by the leather liner band. The band in the m.17 and m.18 were metal.</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aRJ56nYz5bM/YVT8SA8_dMI/AAAAAAAAtGQ/59Q9qyRRSWMTKE_GKoRnJ6A1yskhoYmZACLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210929_184257-1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="947" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aRJ56nYz5bM/YVT8SA8_dMI/AAAAAAAAtGQ/59Q9qyRRSWMTKE_GKoRnJ6A1yskhoYmZACLcBGAsYHQ/w370-h400/20210929_184257-1.jpg" width="370" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Three liner pads are affixed to the band and each has a pad behind it. These pads are comprised of a fabric envelope usually filled with batting or horsehair, which could be added to, or subtracted from, to custom fit the helmet for the comfort of the wearer.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The liner band is affixed to the shell by three split-pins, this is the split pin from the inside...</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CJ8k1YT6pck/YVT8Si2piqI/AAAAAAAAtGU/E6dbiVWkqSIECyD9uwHn5dF_Hnu1ytXSwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210929_184337.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-CJ8k1YT6pck/YVT8Si2piqI/AAAAAAAAtGU/E6dbiVWkqSIECyD9uwHn5dF_Hnu1ytXSwCLcBGAsYHQ/w300-h400/20210929_184337.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">and this is the split-pin from the outside</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Zw3gIypfI_0/YVT8RyTs0dI/AAAAAAAAtGA/mmjyuD9q6PoRsfl5VbZO_Dou6X3LteDagCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210929_183817.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="678" data-original-width="1024" height="265" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Zw3gIypfI_0/YVT8RyTs0dI/AAAAAAAAtGA/mmjyuD9q6PoRsfl5VbZO_Dou6X3LteDagCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h265/20210929_183817.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The size and manufacturer's mark are stamped inside of the side of the skirt.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Z7FkKsMJfbk/YVT8T59Ff3I/AAAAAAAAtGk/lXJrfctBbhYgK1dZgNBnGseUxAdrr_EIQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210929_184501.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="899" data-original-width="1024" height="351" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Z7FkKsMJfbk/YVT8T59Ff3I/AAAAAAAAtGk/lXJrfctBbhYgK1dZgNBnGseUxAdrr_EIQCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h351/20210929_184501.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Note the white rectangle in the rear, this is what makes and extraordinary helmet even more so.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KVm9vgZdYSg/YVT8ARyYQOI/AAAAAAAAtFQ/TQWfQ2rug54tfSrMKCAAPsDFiGLoU76FQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210926_180748.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="768" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KVm9vgZdYSg/YVT8ARyYQOI/AAAAAAAAtFQ/TQWfQ2rug54tfSrMKCAAPsDFiGLoU76FQCLcBGAsYHQ/w300-h400/20210926_180748.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: arial;">It's a mailing label. It was not uncommon for doughboys to send home helmets as souvenirs. Usually, all they had to do was get it approved, slap an label on it, and let the postal clerk do the rest.</span></div><br style="text-align: left;" /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ur8yT4gI-jc/YVT8Auf-HSI/AAAAAAAAtFU/zPj580HzUCM6a61qyTeSovJWh7yzsXoZACLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210926_180802.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ur8yT4gI-jc/YVT8Auf-HSI/AAAAAAAAtFU/zPj580HzUCM6a61qyTeSovJWh7yzsXoZACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/20210926_180802.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br style="text-align: left;" /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><br style="text-align: left;" /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yVSlUbigrn0/YVT8AjDenEI/AAAAAAAAtFc/jdReXCfl-FIbMVCjtBTOEuf5YMggoQmLgCLcBGAsYHQ/s758/souvenirs.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="615" data-original-width="758" height="325" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yVSlUbigrn0/YVT8AjDenEI/AAAAAAAAtFc/jdReXCfl-FIbMVCjtBTOEuf5YMggoQmLgCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h325/souvenirs.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">(helmets ready to be shipped back to the States</div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br style="text-align: left;" /><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IBjXqIDqJR8/YVT8AhiWqRI/AAAAAAAAtFY/u1Cj0VhmRLoj-zGOKEvsumziIO7UzltpwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/bill%2Bshea%2Bblog.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="556" data-original-width="1024" height="217" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IBjXqIDqJR8/YVT8AhiWqRI/AAAAAAAAtFY/u1Cj0VhmRLoj-zGOKEvsumziIO7UzltpwCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h217/bill%2Bshea%2Bblog.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5eUQa_0Z0U0/YVT8U4Y85CI/AAAAAAAAtGs/vVZxc_k65N4HwjsT-mdKq5Dt9XHy7NlCACLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210929_184552.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5eUQa_0Z0U0/YVT8U4Y85CI/AAAAAAAAtGs/vVZxc_k65N4HwjsT-mdKq5Dt9XHy7NlCACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/20210929_184552.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The helmet belonged to Quartermaster sergeant William H. Hetzer, and he was mailing it home to a family member in Williamsport.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GrFXO-PT34w/YVT8UeLxgeI/AAAAAAAAtGg/tJS6O0KpvDkPQDt-1hA0gkJLpG1Q9aXTACLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210929_184539.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GrFXO-PT34w/YVT8UeLxgeI/AAAAAAAAtGg/tJS6O0KpvDkPQDt-1hA0gkJLpG1Q9aXTACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/20210929_184539.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Williamsport is just twelve miles from my house, which explains how it ended up in our village museum.</span></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5ZRt3hgpKuQ/YVT8U4ARYgI/AAAAAAAAtGo/PPgj6WrlUywQ6gcrBoXUbrxbeCSdlGyAQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210929_184604.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5ZRt3hgpKuQ/YVT8U4ARYgI/AAAAAAAAtGo/PPgj6WrlUywQ6gcrBoXUbrxbeCSdlGyAQCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/20210929_184604.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-a5ibiiATLRY/YVT8U0Td1OI/AAAAAAAAtGw/zL1TUtm5bZU3GJH7cSZI5B90RJZ_3AhswCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210929_184614.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="1024" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-a5ibiiATLRY/YVT8U0Td1OI/AAAAAAAAtGw/zL1TUtm5bZU3GJH7cSZI5B90RJZ_3AhswCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h300/20210929_184614.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">When I acquired this helmet in January, I thought it would be cool to drive over to Williamsport to see if there are still any Hetzer family members there; but I got overtaken by events and time went by. This summer I was able to locate a Hetzer family member in Williamsport...it was his obituary, he left no descendants. He died two weeks after I got the helmet.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">It's a wonderful helmet with a fascinating story. And I hope you've enjoyed it as much as I have sharing it with you.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-45rSJ7397tM/YVT8VDvZ6JI/AAAAAAAAtG0/mTb-Vo7wqOMxq5DLLFyNLUg_mYJnBxdLwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210929_191642.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="718" data-original-width="1024" height="280" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-45rSJ7397tM/YVT8VDvZ6JI/AAAAAAAAtG0/mTb-Vo7wqOMxq5DLLFyNLUg_mYJnBxdLwCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h280/20210929_191642.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: center;">See you next time with another cool helmet from the collection.</span><div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Mannie</span></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div> <p></p></div></div>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-64007503218250363402021-04-22T05:13:00.003-07:002021-10-21T18:06:33.352-07:00Contact info<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /> <p></p>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-27365872416575592612021-01-29T04:52:00.000-08:002021-12-01T10:54:14.043-08:00Spain:Spanish Legion M1 airborne combat helmet<p></p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The Empire of Spain and Craig VanderBright - football hero.</span></div></blockquote><p> </p><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">So, trwo years ago I went to the 50th class reunion of my old high school graduating class. It was great seeing old (old) faces, and catching up. Many of the attendees were classmates that, as a kid, I had never been in the same orbit as...that included the star quarterback of the football team - Craig VanderBright. Craig, in his salad-days was powerfully built, of supreme athletic prowess, a known Casanova, and a notorious bully.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Craig was the terror and tormentor of underclassmen and classmates, alike. If he saw something he wanted, he merely took it, pencils, hats, jackets...girlfriends. In my mind I voted him "student most likely to be indicted by age thirty."</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Well, imagine my surprise, and unveiled delight, when, at the reunion, I saw Craig VanderBright, stooped, bald, fat, with the remnants of cake on his chin and most of a spilled drink down the front of his shabby shirt. As I got closer, I found that he was drunkenly lamenting his four bankruptcies, three failed marriages, and chronic toenail fungus.</span></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"> </span></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> I handed him a second piece of cake...extra frosting.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">As goes Craig VanderBright, so goes the Empire of Spain.</span></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"> </span></div></blockquote><blockquote style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0px 40px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">One has only to look at the Americas to see the VanderBright-like ruthlessness Spain used to build her Empire. And, one only has to look at the Spanish place names of the world to see the global reach of Spain at the height of her glory.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Well by 1975, that was all pretty much over, and a paunchy, fat, and much divorced Spain was left among the former colonial football stars, with cake on her face.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Today, the tatters of the flag of the Empire of Spain exist only in five, tiny, <i>plazas de spberania </i>(places of sovereignty) off the African coastline. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">As with Craig...how the mighty do fall.</span></div></blockquote><p><span style="font-family: arial;">That preamble, brings us to this installment's very cool helmet - a Spanish Legion M1 paratrooper's helmet from the period of the Ifni war of 1957-58, one of the last embers of a dying empire in the Sahara desert</span>. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ric79fyLoQU/YBGpn-o5TnI/AAAAAAAAq-U/zLB4vac2BU0ZhBmCzEInLUltjtSYDFk9ACLcBGAsYHQ/s325/1958_spanish_paratroopers_marching.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="201" data-original-width="325" height="248" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Ric79fyLoQU/YBGpn-o5TnI/AAAAAAAAq-U/zLB4vac2BU0ZhBmCzEInLUltjtSYDFk9ACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h248/1958_spanish_paratroopers_marching.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: arial;">Hut, two, three, four...Spain's elite airborne forces on the way to the Sahara</span>.<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8mHfNEPY2rw/YBHsQyyReQI/AAAAAAAArBQ/MYPasYEKu-o6CwFxmesprrZTXlObv3QNwCLcBGAsYHQ/s800/map.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="765" data-original-width="800" height="383" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8mHfNEPY2rw/YBHsQyyReQI/AAAAAAAArBQ/MYPasYEKu-o6CwFxmesprrZTXlObv3QNwCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h383/map.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In a nutshell, and very generally, at the height of the anti-colonial movement in Africa, Moroccan freedom fighters were making raids into the Spanish Western Sahara. The elite Spanish Legion airborne battalion was called in to bolster Spanish army forces. The struggle culminated in the siege of Ifni, a Spanish enclave within the borders of Morocco. It ended in a nominal Spanish victory, but it also made clear that Spain's days in Africa were coming to an ignominious end, and sooner rather than later.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-c6N956CKtXc/YBHsRHhL0aI/AAAAAAAArBY/RVMk45XnxOgTm-TCEKHMBeUwNEIpcWUmQCLcBGAsYHQ/s400/paratroopers.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="307" data-original-width="400" height="308" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-c6N956CKtXc/YBHsRHhL0aI/AAAAAAAArBY/RVMk45XnxOgTm-TCEKHMBeUwNEIpcWUmQCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h308/paratroopers.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">This Spanish airborne helmet is a reconfigured US M1 helmet of the Second World War.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_b4wp8RNv88/YBGpn6fMRUI/AAAAAAAAq-Y/mZjP2K6yVy0R2tdOAnqm1pzM54q8wqT1QCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_095458.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1018" data-original-width="1024" height="398" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_b4wp8RNv88/YBGpn6fMRUI/AAAAAAAAq-Y/mZjP2K6yVy0R2tdOAnqm1pzM54q8wqT1QCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h398/20210126_095458.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oJHER_pN1xk/YBGpwuuxPZI/AAAAAAAArAU/BYwwpSldupAPp5eArCIaZrgtQebMKFJPACLcBGAsYHQ/s619/ifni%2Bparatrooper.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="619" data-original-width="417" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-oJHER_pN1xk/YBGpwuuxPZI/AAAAAAAArAU/BYwwpSldupAPp5eArCIaZrgtQebMKFJPACLcBGAsYHQ/w270-h400/ifni%2Bparatrooper.jpg" width="270" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jm3CYNS9lQY/YBGpo1Udg3I/AAAAAAAAq-g/FUwo0PpFcXMVIsApY7qknw59czqPEn1ywCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_103334.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Jm3CYNS9lQY/YBGpo1Udg3I/AAAAAAAAq-g/FUwo0PpFcXMVIsApY7qknw59czqPEn1ywCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h400/20210126_103334.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Conceptionally, the harness and suspension design is nearly identical to the American version, though with different materials and attachment points.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LvFewlpjj2A/YBGpo5GLioI/AAAAAAAAq-c/5DBV-hwBDMc7lm-_ThUDUDufc01uumd6wCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_103349.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-LvFewlpjj2A/YBGpo5GLioI/AAAAAAAAq-c/5DBV-hwBDMc7lm-_ThUDUDufc01uumd6wCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h400/20210126_103349.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JOLfTHUcucU/YBGppf5fJEI/AAAAAAAAq-k/z19zheMQ3eEiyI_vJbSUIxVPAX4hl0BEACLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_103359.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JOLfTHUcucU/YBGppf5fJEI/AAAAAAAAq-k/z19zheMQ3eEiyI_vJbSUIxVPAX4hl0BEACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h400/20210126_103359.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yTigkwGL2SA/YBGppSRem4I/AAAAAAAAq-o/3kMc7IfNnEQL1o6_b3IAS3C5pPfjVh1TwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_103410.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-yTigkwGL2SA/YBGppSRem4I/AAAAAAAAq-o/3kMc7IfNnEQL1o6_b3IAS3C5pPfjVh1TwCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h400/20210126_103410.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JIUDPw2HV5w/YBGpph0WxoI/AAAAAAAAq-s/JVjA1BpqGXoZedFofVkunRikNtnDWZX5gCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_103420.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JIUDPw2HV5w/YBGpph0WxoI/AAAAAAAAq-s/JVjA1BpqGXoZedFofVkunRikNtnDWZX5gCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h400/20210126_103420.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HMcH79Yq3ys/YBGppp7FjtI/AAAAAAAAq-w/lHXoGw4fbLwnyfYeE8uExLeTYqgrWQePQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_103430.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HMcH79Yq3ys/YBGppp7FjtI/AAAAAAAAq-w/lHXoGw4fbLwnyfYeE8uExLeTYqgrWQePQCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h400/20210126_103430.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nvPu5dv2jHk/YBGpuXzGtfI/AAAAAAAAq_0/fCqVbZdMlEMg7YB2nPiF0wpKf--lfZiRQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_145049.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="854" data-original-width="1024" height="334" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nvPu5dv2jHk/YBGpuXzGtfI/AAAAAAAAq_0/fCqVbZdMlEMg7YB2nPiF0wpKf--lfZiRQCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h334/20210126_145049.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The chinstrap bails of two war-time McCord shells are pictured above. The Spanish-service helmet featured in the post is at the top. Note the uniformity and precision of the fasteners, the robust wire of the bail, and its rectangular shape; also note the rim. Compare, now, with the Spanish-made M1 clone below.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3Yqxo3AQAmA/YBGpuXqqfUI/AAAAAAAAq_4/R3AitogkxLMFyT6YG-yBHzSHBasO1Fn3gCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_145138.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="895" data-original-width="1024" height="350" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3Yqxo3AQAmA/YBGpuXqqfUI/AAAAAAAAq_4/R3AitogkxLMFyT6YG-yBHzSHBasO1Fn3gCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h350/20210126_145138.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Compared to the McCord model, this bail fastener is quite shabby, and folded differently, the metal is cut imprecisely, the spot-welds are shallow and off-center, and the square bail is made of lighter wire. Also note that the Spanish clone was manufactured without a rim.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">In October and November, respectively, two significant changes were made in the production of the US M1 shell; the stainless-steel rim (which as the photo demonstrates, did not adhere paint well) was changed to the same metal as the shell, and the rim seam was moved from the front of the shell to the rear.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ucU02hmralg/YBGpt0EfotI/AAAAAAAAq_k/9_4F-ccDFBsegY398GefETw1A9ykU3BAQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_104149.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ucU02hmralg/YBGpt0EfotI/AAAAAAAAq_k/9_4F-ccDFBsegY398GefETw1A9ykU3BAQCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h400/20210126_104149.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">That this shell has a stainless-steel rim, and a rear seam suggests, to me at least, that this is a late-war shell, and the stock of stainless rims was being expended in making the new rear-seam shells.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">McCord Helmet shells have a steel shell lot number stamped under the visor brim. When this particular example was remanufactured by Spain, it was stripped down to bare metal and the typical sage/olive paint of Spanish helmets was brushed on in a fairly heavy-handed way, the result, unfortunately, is that the lot number is completely obscured with only parts of two numerals barely visible.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The liner is a war-time Westinghouse that has been completely stripped of all original suspension components and replaced with the Spanish-configured suspension.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCsFdaoAq4k/YBGpqFA-RbI/AAAAAAAAq-4/ztPlVniPXFAIvpjxn37JtBZD99BVf4uNQCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_103523.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-pCsFdaoAq4k/YBGpqFA-RbI/AAAAAAAAq-4/ztPlVniPXFAIvpjxn37JtBZD99BVf4uNQCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h400/20210126_103523.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Above, is the Westinghouse liner retrofitted with Spanish airborne suspension, compared to a war-time Westinghouse US airborne liner below. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BjBMnlAEB4w/YBGpqsl9tpI/AAAAAAAAq_I/Unbu9uGDU5UXsE9GQrb5FpTUl7TL9bEOwCLcBGAsYHQ/s2048/20210118_155839.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="2048" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BjBMnlAEB4w/YBGpqsl9tpI/AAAAAAAAq_I/Unbu9uGDU5UXsE9GQrb5FpTUl7TL9bEOwCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/20210118_155839.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-p3YbA3q0VYg/YBGpuREoonI/AAAAAAAAq_8/qwXffYkfoowDb_12w5RuAL_V-qr4ibNWgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_145229.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="998" data-original-width="1024" height="390" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-p3YbA3q0VYg/YBGpuREoonI/AAAAAAAAq_8/qwXffYkfoowDb_12w5RuAL_V-qr4ibNWgCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h390/20210126_145229.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">A Westinghouse imprint appears in the dome of the liner.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DO9d4BJiKvY/YBGpqbs9ljI/AAAAAAAAq-8/FTuRoXRgXCguw2CVyzrH94amrCMxFwdGgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_103536.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DO9d4BJiKvY/YBGpqbs9ljI/AAAAAAAAq-8/FTuRoXRgXCguw2CVyzrH94amrCMxFwdGgCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h400/20210126_103536.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: left;">Although the Riddell-style suspension is nearly identical to the original American, </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: left;">the webbing material is entirely different. </span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4i6INNFVgXc/YBGpqVijjSI/AAAAAAAAq_A/ygnsEktPmEk3irHGArjxZrDu6ZHar2uYgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_103546.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-4i6INNFVgXc/YBGpqVijjSI/AAAAAAAAq_A/ygnsEktPmEk3irHGArjxZrDu6ZHar2uYgCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h400/20210126_103546.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The "A" washers and alligator spring fasteners are nearly identical to the American versions. Note that the head-band adjustment buckle is more robust than the American version.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RgNutNhqi5U/YBGpqrZUI0I/AAAAAAAAq_E/9o75MDHyYRQ3KIELoxnngfBM0cJpWz90ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_103554.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-RgNutNhqi5U/YBGpqrZUI0I/AAAAAAAAq_E/9o75MDHyYRQ3KIELoxnngfBM0cJpWz90ACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h400/20210126_103554.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">All buckles are entirely dissimilar from the American version. And were the American version's shell chinstrap fastened to the liner with snaps, the Spanish version uses buckles.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mo3J9cy0lho/YBGprHMXGRI/AAAAAAAAq_Q/zB5jyqG4A2MogdT7d1-0iywzZ4COQPqJACLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_103634.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mo3J9cy0lho/YBGprHMXGRI/AAAAAAAAq_Q/zB5jyqG4A2MogdT7d1-0iywzZ4COQPqJACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h400/20210126_103634.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VP-S9isuUvE/YBGprnTeBEI/AAAAAAAAq_U/BpZPKEvrtQIKdkGXoDwTxA3PW6hYVuqUwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_103949.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VP-S9isuUvE/YBGprnTeBEI/AAAAAAAAq_U/BpZPKEvrtQIKdkGXoDwTxA3PW6hYVuqUwCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h400/20210126_103949.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SC80GFeOWVw/YBGpryrkIhI/AAAAAAAAq_Y/875MLqz7HkwLDWjFh2Hv5jQSJn7dMz4JACLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_104005.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SC80GFeOWVw/YBGpryrkIhI/AAAAAAAAq_Y/875MLqz7HkwLDWjFh2Hv5jQSJn7dMz4JACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h400/20210126_104005.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;">Compare the Spanish-configured Westinghouse airborne above with the American, Westinghouse airborne, below. Note the two vacant rivet holes in the Spanish version, indicating a slightly different suspension attachment scheme than that of the American,</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PXeW-ScqtrU/YBGpsUFpv7I/AAAAAAAAq_c/BJuSvCIEFz4baKvpN66z2VEnfOQip0pqgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_104013.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PXeW-ScqtrU/YBGpsUFpv7I/AAAAAAAAq_c/BJuSvCIEFz4baKvpN66z2VEnfOQip0pqgCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h400/20210126_104013.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sCkM7wCYt_A/YBGpuKAI9QI/AAAAAAAAq_s/fF3AUl1hKnA2sa1ijoGazsuU3gbZExU6ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_144004.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-sCkM7wCYt_A/YBGpuKAI9QI/AAAAAAAAq_s/fF3AUl1hKnA2sa1ijoGazsuU3gbZExU6ACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h400/20210126_144004.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Above, the Spanish. Below, the American.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Sp0AnC4AhMY/YBGpt3L_zUI/AAAAAAAAq_o/R2z29iQL6s8J3oX7ZdlNJemZovYDkVPtgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_144126.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Sp0AnC4AhMY/YBGpt3L_zUI/AAAAAAAAq_o/R2z29iQL6s8J3oX7ZdlNJemZovYDkVPtgCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h400/20210126_144126.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aiJOwQLuKUM/YBGpvN63YiI/AAAAAAAArAE/tuH2VqZkwJkp3hhD1st7LWCt3VcqVkWwwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_145701.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aiJOwQLuKUM/YBGpvN63YiI/AAAAAAAArAE/tuH2VqZkwJkp3hhD1st7LWCt3VcqVkWwwCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h400/20210126_145701.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VWca8wsgXMk/YBGpuvjKEpI/AAAAAAAArAA/J7KNGXN0LY4E_J5XUhtIE70ElFY_UTbUwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_145523.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="960" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VWca8wsgXMk/YBGpuvjKEpI/AAAAAAAArAA/J7KNGXN0LY4E_J5XUhtIE70ElFY_UTbUwCLcBGAsYHQ/w375-h400/20210126_145523.jpg" width="375" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">.</span></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WQTSKq_GRB0/YBGpwYeBh5I/AAAAAAAArAQ/eHMwk34mdYg29UAz6oSeUHqDXX11kh_rgCLcBGAsYHQ/s481/ifni%2Bparatrooper%2B2.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="481" data-original-width="455" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WQTSKq_GRB0/YBGpwYeBh5I/AAAAAAAArAQ/eHMwk34mdYg29UAz6oSeUHqDXX11kh_rgCLcBGAsYHQ/w379-h400/ifni%2Bparatrooper%2B2.png" width="379" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DxQhRBPFI6Q/YBHsRP81-yI/AAAAAAAArBU/gQ2r7H2jSZkK9I-sa7Ze9Ir3LPUsNJoqACLcBGAsYHQ/s400/paratroopers%2B2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="252" data-original-width="400" height="253" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DxQhRBPFI6Q/YBHsRP81-yI/AAAAAAAArBU/gQ2r7H2jSZkK9I-sa7Ze9Ir3LPUsNJoqACLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h253/paratroopers%2B2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8TwpmHx5_ek/YBGpp0ETlLI/AAAAAAAAq-0/iKRogNWYNCQ0Ja26cJ1YiN3YbTiDDHtuwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1024/20210126_103438.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="1024" height="400" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8TwpmHx5_ek/YBGpp0ETlLI/AAAAAAAAq-0/iKRogNWYNCQ0Ja26cJ1YiN3YbTiDDHtuwCLcBGAsYHQ/w400-h400/20210126_103438.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Another really nice helmet, that I'm pleased to add to the collection and to share with you.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; text-align: justify;">As always, corrections and clarifications from you are always welcome in the comments.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">By the way, if there's a helmet, or a series of helmets that you'd suggest I make a video about, I'd be happy to hear from you.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">I'll see you next time with another cool helmet from the collection.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Your pal,</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Mannie</span></div><br /> <p></p>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-40445811104825900852021-01-07T21:03:00.003-08:002023-03-02T07:23:53.153-08:00VIDEO: German helmets for beginners<p> <span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Hi gang,</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">I was just scrolling down the facebook page of a helmet group that I belong to, and I found a question from a member, it was a simple question which he was asking in all honesty. He was met with some derision by some other members for asking such a fundamental question. I thought that that was unfair.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Coincidentally, I just uploaded this video today, which I forwarded to him...it speaks directly to his question.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">I hope it helps him.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Anyhoo, now in my retirement, I'm able to turn my attention to making videos more often, and here is the fruit of the past week. I hope you enjoy it.</span></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/iMUobsf1jjE" width="320" youtube-src-id="iMUobsf1jjE"></iframe></div><br /><p>Mannie</p>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6056210507389709335.post-35856980789098433812020-12-30T08:04:00.000-08:002020-12-30T08:04:02.878-08:00<p><span style="font-family: arial;"> Hello everyone.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">I have had many people asking me for another video, and now that I'm retired I have a lot more time to produce them. I hope that you enjoy this one, and please know that there are two more being edited, and they will be posted sometime in January.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dybT9Q4c5Hg">Welcome to the helmet collection: with Mannie Gentile - YouTube</a></p><p><span style="color: #0000ee;"><u><br /></u></span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dybT9Q4c5Hg"></a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dybT9Q4c5Hg"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/dybT9Q4c5Hg" width="320" youtube-src-id="dybT9Q4c5Hg"></iframe></a></div><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dybT9Q4c5Hg"><br /></a><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Have a happy and HEALTHY new year!</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Mannie</span></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Mannie Gentilehttp://www.blogger.com/profile/06225923971073419275noreply@blogger.com0