United States PASGT (kevlar) helmet part II - Michigan National Guard

This is a continuation of my previous post on the PASGT helmet.  Rather than repeat all of that information, kindly go to:  https://combathelmets.blogspot.com/2024/06/united-states-pasgt-combat-helmet.html for the complete rundown of another PASGT helmet from my collection.

In 1985 I was working as a graphic artist at a typesetting company in Grand Rapids Michigan.  One of my colleagues, Randy, was a sergeant in the Michigan National Guard.

Randy asked me to design a Tee-shirt for his unit.  When price was discussed, I told him that instead of money, I'd like one of the new Kevlar helmets which had only just been issued to his unit.  He gave me the look of someone who knew that he was being hoodwinked, but he reluctantly agreed.  He got the Tee-shirt and I got the helmet; the helmet featured in this post.

Thanks Sergeant Randy.

In the mid 1970s research and development began to find a replacement for the Venerable M1 helmet.  The helmet was to be all new - different look, different materials, different capabilities, and eleven percent more protection for the wearer.  Commonly called the Kevlar helmet, it is officially called the PASGT - Personal Armor System for Ground Troops.

The US military phased out the steel helmet and opted for a whole new concept in helmet design - ballistic composite resin-saturated Aramid fiber compressed under heat and pressure.  This was to be the first composite helmet to enter the world stage.

Where the M1 consisted of two pieces - the helmet and helmet-shaped liner, the PASGT helmet was a one piece.  Although the new helmet provided superior protection, it wasn't as versatile as the M1, which, because of its removable liner, could be used as a bucket, a wash basin, a shovel, as well as other handy uses. Many a WWII GI dug his foxhole or soaked his feet with an M1 shell.

The PASGT was commonly called the "Fritz" because of its resemblance to the German helmet of world wars I and II.

Helmets were issued with the "woodland" pattern camouflage cover; this was in the days prior to the US military engaged in desert operations, and was more suitable for Cold War operations against the Soviets.

The rear of the foliage band included two glow-in-the-dark "cat's eyes" allowing soldiers to keep track of each other in darkness.

A hold-over from the M1 is the familiar Riddell suspension system.

As with previous US helmet models, the PASGT has a textured non-reflective surface finish.

The bulges in the sides of the helmet provided clearance for communications handsets.

The headband size was adjustable with a sliding buckle.

The DLA number indicates that this particular helmet was contracted in 1983 - very early in the production run of the PASGT helmet.

As with all American helmets, the webbing and furniture are robust and well-made.

The rim is bound with rubber edging.

Another hold-over from the M1 - though  much-modified - are the "A" washers which affix the suspension to the shell.

The chinstrap includes a rudimentary chin-cup.

A final remnant from the old M1 are the metal spring-clips which secure the headband to the suspension.  The purpose of the little loop is unknown to me.  Perhaps a reader could leave a comment of explanation.

These helmets were issued in sizes extra small to extra large, with fifty percent of the production being size medium.

The PASGT soldiered on for about twenty years before the Army and Marine Corps adopted a newer helmet with a slightly different, and improved, design.  The PASGT is still found in the US Navy as well as many reserve units,

Thanks to Sergeant Randy for "appropriating" this helmet from the Michigan National Guard.  I hope he didn't end up in Leavenworth  prison.

Stay tuned for the third and final installment of the PASGT helmet story featuring another cool helmet from the collection.  Until next time...

Mannie

(Again, for more photos of another PASGT, as well as the full story of its development, kindly go to my previous post from a few days ago:  https://combathelmets.blogspot.com/2024/06/united-states-pasgt-combat-helmet.html)

Sources

Brayley, Martin J., Tin Hats to Composite Helmets: a collectors guide. The Crowood Press, 2008.

Military One Source,  Military Installations, https://installations.militaryonesource.mil/in-depth-overview/natick-

soldier-systems-center-nssc

Yonggiang, Li, Science Direct vol 238, June 1, 2022,  Ballistic helmets: Recent advances in materials, protection mechanisms, performance, and head injury mitigation.  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1359836822002694#preview-section-references

U.S. Army, USAG Natick, https://home.army.mil/natick/my-fort/newcomers

Digital Commonwealth, Massachusetts Collections Online, PASGT helmet development, https://www.digitalcommonwealth.org/search?page=8&q=PASGT+helmet+development&search_field=all_fields

Reynosa, Mark A., (PASGT) Helmet: an Illustrated Study of the U.S. Military's Current Issue Helmet.  Schiffer Military History, 1999.

Reynosa, Mark A., U.S.Combat Helmets of the 20th Century.  Schiffer Military History Books, 1997.

Army Navy Warehouse, Using Contract Numbers to Determine Dates on Military Gear, July 7, 2020.  https://www.armynavywarehouse.com/post/contract-number-dating

Camopedia, United States, https://www.camopedia.org/index.php/USA

Spain: Spanish Legion m.1 airborne combat helmet

The Empire of Spain and Craig VanderBright - football hero.

 

So, trwo years ago I went to the 50th class reunion of my old high school graduating class.  It was great seeing old (old) faces, and catching up.  Many of the attendees were classmates that, as a kid, I had never been in the same orbit as...that included the star quarterback of the football team - Craig VanderBright.  Craig, in his salad-days was powerfully built, of supreme athletic prowess, a known Casanova, and a notorious bully.

Craig was the terror and tormentor of underclassmen and classmates, alike.  If he saw something he wanted, he merely took it, pencils, hats, jackets...girlfriends.    In my mind I voted him "student most likely to be indicted by age thirty."

Well, imagine my surprise, and unveiled delight, when, at the reunion, I saw Craig VanderBright, stooped, bald, fat, with the remnants of cake on his chin and most of a spilled drink down the front of his shabby shirt.  As I got closer, I found that he was drunkenly lamenting his four bankruptcies, three failed marriages, and chronic toenail fungus.

 

 I handed him a second piece of cake...extra frosting.

As goes Craig VanderBright, so goes the Empire of Spain.

 

One has only to look at the Americas to see the VanderBright-like ruthlessness Spain used to build her Empire.  And, one only has to look at the Spanish place names of the world to see the global reach of Spain at the height of her glory.

Well by 1975, that was all pretty much over, and a paunchy, fat, and much divorced Spain was left among the former colonial football stars, with cake on her face.

Today, the tatters of the flag of the Empire of Spain exist only in five, tiny, plazas de spberania (places of sovereignty) off the African coastline. 

As with Craig...how the mighty do fall.

That preamble, brings us to this installment's very cool helmet - a Spanish Legion M1 paratrooper's helmet from the period of the Ifni war of 1957-58, one of the last embers of a dying empire in the Sahara desert. 

 Hut, two, three, four...Spain's elite airborne forces on the way to the Sahara.

In a nutshell, and very generally, at the height of the anti-colonial movement in Africa, Moroccan freedom fighters were making raids into the Spanish Western Sahara. The elite Spanish Legion airborne battalion was called in to bolster Spanish army forces.  The struggle culminated in the siege of Ifni, a Spanish enclave within the borders of Morocco.  It ended in a nominal Spanish victory, but it also made clear that Spain's days in Africa were coming to an ignominious end, and sooner rather than later.

This Spanish airborne helmet is a reconfigured US M1 helmet of the Second World War.

Conceptionally, the harness and suspension design is nearly identical to the American version, though with different materials and attachment points.

The chinstrap bails of two war-time McCord shells are pictured above.  The Spanish-service helmet featured in the post is at the top.  Note the uniformity and precision of the fasteners, the robust wire of the bail, and its rectangular shape; also note the rim.  Compare, now, with the Spanish-made M1 clone below.

Compared to the McCord model, this bail fastener is quite shabby, and folded differently, the metal is cut imprecisely, the spot-welds are shallow and off-center, and the square bail is made of lighter wire.  Also note that the Spanish clone was manufactured without a rim.

In October and November, respectively, two significant changes were made in the production of the US M1 shell; the stainless-steel rim (which as the photo demonstrates, did not adhere paint well) was changed to the same metal as the shell, and the rim seam was moved from the front of the shell to the rear.

That this shell has a stainless-steel rim, and a rear seam suggests, to me at least, that this is a late-war shell, and the stock of stainless rims was being expended in making the new rear-seam shells.

McCord Helmet shells have a steel shell lot number stamped under the visor brim.  When this particular example was remanufactured by Spain, it was stripped down to bare metal and the typical sage/olive paint of Spanish helmets was brushed on in a fairly heavy-handed way, the result, unfortunately, is that the lot number is completely obscured with only parts of two numerals barely visible.

The liner is a war-time Westinghouse that has been completely stripped of all original suspension components and replaced with the Spanish-configured suspension.

Above, is the Westinghouse liner retrofitted with Spanish airborne suspension, compared to a war-time Westinghouse US airborne liner below. 

A Westinghouse imprint appears in the dome of the liner.

Although the Riddell-style suspension is nearly identical to the original American, 

the webbing material is entirely different. 

The "A" washers and alligator spring fasteners are nearly identical to the American versions. Note that the head-band adjustment buckle is more robust than the American version.

All buckles are entirely dissimilar from the American version. And were the American version's shell chinstrap fastened to the liner with snaps, the Spanish version uses buckles.

Compare the Spanish-configured Westinghouse airborne above with the American, Westinghouse airborne, below.  Note the two vacant rivet holes in the Spanish version, indicating a slightly different suspension attachment scheme than that of the American,

Above, the Spanish. Below, the American.

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Another really nice helmet, that I'm pleased to add to the collection and to share with you.

As always, corrections and clarifications from you are always welcome in the comments.

By the way, if there's a helmet, or a series of helmets that you'd suggest I make a video about, I'd be happy to hear from you.

I'll see you next time with another cool helmet from the collection.

Your pal,

Mannie